Imoto Wokweqeshwa YokuQhuba Kwesilika vs Imoto Echaziweyo Yokweqeba: Yeyiphi O Kufanele Usebenzise?

Ukuchazi Umsebenzi wokuhluka kwezindlela ezinamathuthi Imisebenzi

Imoto Yokweqeba Silika Ngokweqeshwa Imoto yokweqeba silika ngokweqeshwa ichazwa ngokuthi yindlela esebenziswa ukuthiwa, ukwakha ngokwesimo fomu kanye nokugcina isilika esikhulu se-PCC ngokuthiwa amafomu ngokuzuzwe kanye nekuphathwa kwe silika esikhundleni. Lezi zimoto ezingaphambili zokuxhasa zihamba phambili ngefomu ekwakhiweyo kanye ne silika esebenziswa ukuthiwa kanye nezivibhori ezisemqoka esikhundleni ezisemkela ukuthiwa kanye nokugcina isilika ngokusebenzisa izinto zokugcina ukulula isihlobo. Le ndlela ethuthukisayo iyadilisa ukuphela okudingekayo ngezindlela eziphathelene nezinyathelo ezifakweyo yokufaka kanye nokususa amafomu, ukwenza indlela yokusebenza ephindeke ngokuphelele engiyakumelwa kakhulu yezinfrastrakti ezilindelekileyo.

Lo msebenzi uphawuza ukhondo olukhulu olukhona kwezindawo zokuthutha, izindawo zokulanda izindawo zokuthutha noma izindawo zokusebenza ngokushesha okuphakathi kwekombisa okuphakathi kwekombisa. Le ngcamango ethula ukusebenzisa abasebenzi ngokweqile futhi ithula ukulandelana kwezinhlobo nezinhlobo zokubulala ngokweqile kwekombisa evela ngokulinganayo. Izindawo evela ngokwengeza ukuphazamiseka kwezindlela zokuthutha eziphakathi kwezindawo ezithuthwe ngokwesibonelo futhi zilungisa izindleko eziningi zokulungiswa ngokudlule kweminyaka egcizelekileyo njengokuthamboza noma ukungena kwezimali.

Imiboniso ye-Fixed-Form Paving Systems

Iindlela Zokwenza Imifanekiso Echaziweyo Imifanekiso ephakeme noma yintloko yenkanye ephakeme ngokubunjwe kumathilini okanye kumathilini amathiselwe ukulawula ikhontile yetankile kanye nokwenza amagebhu ukuya kumathilini. Isicathamiyo sikhokhwe phakathi kula mithambo echaziweyo, emuva kwekhokho lekwekhona kanye nokwenza ngokulandelana. Le ndlela yisemphakathi kakhulu kuzo zizindlela zokuthiwa kudinga ukulawula kahle kwezifanekiso, njengokwezindlela zemithiwe nezindlela ezingenakukhankanywa, izindlu zokutheka izimoto ezingenakukhankanywa noma imifanekiso ye-kerb.

Iindlela ezinhle kakhulu kuzo:

• Iindleko ezincane zezinhlobo zokusebenza : Kudinga izinhlobo ezingaphansi ngokulingana nezinhlobo ezinamathini ehlelweyo
• Ukwenza okulinganisa : Kungenzeka ukwenza amagebhu amakhulu kanye nezinhlobo ezingenakukhankanywa ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuthiwa ngokuphelele
• Ukufundisa kakhulu : Abasebenzisi bakhokhe kakhulu kune-technicians abasebenzisa izinhlobo eziqhubekayo

Kodwa ukuvakwa kwezindawo ezifixed kudinga 35-50% ngokudla kakhulu ukwenza umsebenzi wokuvakwa kwezindawo futhi ukubulwa kwazo kunemethods engenazo. Izinhlangano zokuvakwa ngendlela ye-slipform ezibased on this approach zihlanza ngemigqa ye-20 -40 methe, futhi izikhathi phakathi kwezinkunzi zisungula kuzo okuphansi kwe-18-22% kunalokho xa kuvakwa ngendlela ye-slipform. Lezi zimindlelo ngakho ke kwenza izinhlayiso zokuvakwa ezifixed zibe ngokungatholakanga kakhulu kuzo zamaqembu amabi-ncane ukuthi ukusebenza kwezinhlayiso kudingeka kuthathwe ngokushesha futhi isikhathi sokuphila kweqembu sibe ngokuthathwa ngokushesha.

Ukulinganisa Ubungako: Isipuniyo se-Slipform vs Izindlela Ezihleli

Izinhlayiso zamanje zidinga izisombululo ezibalance ukuspeeda, ukucacile kanye neoptimization yezindleko. Izinhlayiso zokuvakwa kwezinkunzi ezisematheni kanye nezindlela ezifixed ezihleli zibonisa ezimbili izindlela ezahlukene zokuvakwa kwezinkunzi, nezindlela ezahlukene kakhulu kwefficiency yemisebenzi. Sicabanga amathree amathathu okugcina: ukuvikela kweqembu, izidingo zokusebenza, neziphumo ezinhle zemisebenzi yasebenzweni.

Indlela Yokuvakwa Ngokuphelele Yezinhlayiso Ezingenazo

Imicabhambo ye-Slipform iyisusa ukucindezeka kwesikhathi phakathi kwezinye zokubeka ibhete yekhankatha ngokusebenzisa izinhlayiya, izinhlayiya zokwenza futhi izinhlayiya zokulaywa ukwenza amathayili ngokuphelelwa ngokuphelelwa. Ngokuhlinzeka kwezinhlayiya eziphakeme esingathathwa khona, izinhlayiya zokwenza ziyakhula futhi ziwenza ibhete yekhankatha ngesikhathi siyaphindaphinda kabusho 1-4 imitha ngemizuzwana. Lokhu kwenza ukuba kuthinte amakwehwe amathayili angaphezulu kwe-500 ngosuku olunye - okungaphezulu kwe-60% kunokwenzwa ngendlela enjengo. Izinhlayiya zokulaywa futhi zokwenza izinto ziyisusa ukunqamula kwezinye izincazelo.

Imitheshwana yokusebenzisa kwezinhlayiya eziphakeme

Amaqemu ethekiwe ngokusebenzisa ifoho esetshenziswe kumele ubeke amalabora angu-6-8 ekuthiseni ifoho, ukuxhunyanisa amaphoyisa kanye nokubheka kanye. Abasebenzi baphumela 35% wexesha lweprojekthi ekuthiseni kanye nokususa amafoho ehlwini okanye esetshenziswa kakhulu, nangona amalabora aphakathi kakhulu kuzo zonke izinja zeprojekthi ezide ngapakade kuma-150 methe. Ngokulingana, izinyathelo zokuthiwa ngaphandle kwezifo eli-2-3 abasebenzi abafanele bakubona kuphela izilawuli zomakhine kanye nokulawula ukubhuka kwesimente kuvumela ukuba kwehlisele kakhulu ukubongwa kwezinhlobo.

Izicathamiro Zokubalwa: Isedulo Sokuthiwa Kwesikweletu

Imiphumakelo yokwehla kwe-Slipform kwezokuphakama kwezokuhlolwa kweprojekthi yemhlaba yemigwa engama-2,800. Isikhwama sengxenye yokuqala sokulayisha sengxenye engama-11 noma ngamanye amaxesha aphumelela ukulayisha ngamaxesha angama-255 noma ngamanye amaxesha anoma-±3mm. Projekthi enye enokwehla kwezokuphakama kuya kuzokudinga amaxesha angama-19 noma abasebenzi abangama-12 ukwenza ukulayisha kwezokuphakama. Slipforming yikhuthaza ukuncitshiselwa kwezokuphakama ngama-3, ngokwezinye izinto ngokuba indlela yokwehla kwezokuphakama iyahlula ukusebenzisa amafutha angama-18% ngokuba kwenziwa ukuncitshiselwa kwezokuphakama, yikhuthaza ukuba kwenziwe ukuncitshiselwa kwezokuphakama ngama-420.

Ukunganisa Imali Phakathi kwezinto zokulayisha kwe-Slipform Paver nezinto zokulayisha ezinokwehla

Xa kufundisa imithwadi yokulayela ngokwezimali, izindleko zikhathazeka kakhulu kuzo okuthi kuthathwa ngokwenza. Imashini yokulayela we-slipform nezinhlayo zokulayela ezifixed zibonisa amathekwane wezindleko ezahlukene ngokugcwele kumatatfulwa amathathu: isihlathi esibangela ukuthenga kwezinhlayo, izindleko eziphawulwa kwezinhlayo, nezindleko ezingaphelanga kwezindawo ngokudala. Lezi zibonelo ziyakhathaza kakhulu ukuthi iphrojekthi iyithemba kanjani nezindleko zokuthengisa kwezinhlanhlayo kuzo zokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlango.

Isihlathi Esibangela Ukuthenga kwezinhlayo zokulayela we-Slipform

Ukucindezwa kokuqala kweqinekileyo yekhetha lesondezelweyo kuyiphezulu kakhulu ngokuthi kube nezinhlelo zohhwebo zokuxhumana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphansi kwenkathi. Le maqine ayiphezulu - noma uyithola okungithile! Zobe yincane ngokuthengwa, ngokuvumelana 40-60% ngaphezulu kwezifomu ezinhle. Lokhu kuthathwa yisicelo ngokusebenzisa ngokuthi kwehlise amathela wefomu nekuhlela amathela aphawuliweyo yimathela wekaphitali espreddwe phansi kwezinye izinkampani. Abasebenzisi besidhakelo, njengoba abasebenzisa kwezindlela zokuhamba ezikhona, ngokuvumelana bafumana amaphesenti abo 3-5 izinyanga ngokuthi kuholela izinkathi zezinkampani.

Imithela Yefomu Kuzindlela Zefomu Eziyinhle

Izifomu eziqulathekileyo zinezindleko eziqokobanisa futhi kuba yindlela yokuthiwa kusebenzisa izifomu eziyisici. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezimali zokuthenga izilimu nezobudlelwane bokuthuthwa kwazo futhi ukutholwa kwenkulumo yokuthiwa yona ngemva kwenqanaba ngalinye. Indawo engaphansi kwekho ukuthiwa kwekona kwenqanaba futhi kuthathwa izifomu, kabhise izindleko zokuthiwa ngama-25-30% ngokulinganisa kuye nokuthiwa ngokuphelele. Lezi zindleko, zifakwe ngokuphindwe, zingaba yizinkululeko ezingama-15-20% yesithuba esijwayele kakhulu sesekelwe kumaphakathi.

Okunyelelwa Okudala Ngokunciphisa Isebenza

Ukucindezela kuvumela ukuba kube nepakati lezinhleke kubangela ukunciphisa ukudinga ukwakwa. I-Concrete density nezindlela zokulungisa izindawo eziphakathi ukuthola ukunciphisa kwezimali ezingama-18-22% noma ngokulandelana nezindleko zokulayisha. Lezi zindleko zokunciphisa zilayishwa ngemali ezingama $18,000 -$22,000 ngalungu lwezindawo zemoto nekuphakela ukusebenza kwezinkhankatha. Ukubheka ngokwemigomo yesimo sokuqala - Ukubheka ngokwemigomo yesimo, Imigomo engu-15 futhi kabanzi ukulungiswa ngokwesifundo esihle sokuqina kwezindawo zemoto

Isigaba Sokulinganisa: Ukulinganisa Izindlela Zokulayisha I-Concrete

Ubucophelele Bezindawo Eziphakathi Ekusebenzeni Kwamapaver Okucindezelweni

Izinhlelo zokwenza amajonti engcwele zinikeza ukubekwa kwe-concrete ngokuphelele (1.5–3 m/min) ngokuvalelwa. Le nqoqa yokuvalela yamathile kwezwa ukuthi kungabi noma yikuphi ikhono lokugcina kwezindawo zokugcina kwezindlela eziphakeme, ngokuhlanza kwezinye zokugcina ngokuphelele. Futhu kune 2023 ngezindlela zase-interstate kwakuboniswa ukuthi izindlela zokugcina jonti engcwele zingcinywe ngama-40% ngemva yeminyaka engu-5 ngenkathi kuthiathwa nejonti lezindlela eziphakeme ngokuthi amandla wokugcina akhona kanye kwehlukene ngokweqile kwi-slab.

Imigomo Yekhono Lekhano Ngokwezindlela Eziphakeme

Imaphoyekthi yokuwindrowa kuxhomekeke kuzo izimo zokufinyelela (*3 mm yekhombe ngasemithini ngokwesithathu) kubangela ukuba kube khona intonjelwano yokugcina ngokulandelana nokwenza ngokulandelana. Kizindaweni zompolwandle, amaphoyekthi angama-23% akhishwa kakhulu kuzo izimo ezivumelekileyo kumphumakathi wokulinganisa (FHWA 2022), kubangela ukuba kube khona ukugcina kakhulu kwezindawo zokulayisha. Noma amaqhwebe amathandayo angakunika izimo eziyisileyo zokufinyelela kwezokulingana, le ndlela yekhishwa kakhulu kwezinyathelo kubangela ukuguqulwa kwezimo—le nto iyisimo elikhulu kwezindlela zokubhola ezidinga ukulingana kwezokubhola <1.5 mm/km.

Ukuguquguqu kwezokugcina: Kungani iziqingatha ezingaphansi ezifomethwe ngokushushu zingagci kakhulu kuzo eziningi?

Izindawo ezingaphambelani, ezingahlaniswa kuslipform pavers inemibili elide (35-50 iminyaka) nge-20% ngaphansi kwezindawo zokulingana, ukwakala izimo zokudla, ngokuvibrisha izimvuthi. Ukuvibisha okuqondile kuya kuma-8,000–12,000 RPM kusulela kwe-98% okuphakeme kwezinhlobo, ngelokho kwezifomu eziqediwe kusekile kuzo zonke izindlela kanye ne-5–7% eziphakathi kwezifomu ezingavumelekile okwenza kakhulu ukwehluka komoya. Okudinga okuncane kwebhola (15–22 kg/m³ esikhundleni se-28–35 kg/m³ ezifomweni eziqediwe) kunciphisa futhi umoya wokucula, ngokwesiqinisekiso sikaNACE International, esithole ukucula okungu-60% ngaphansi kwebhola engenziwa ngokushisa kuslipform slabs.

Isikhwama Sokusebenzisa Imicwepho Yezindlela Zokubhalela Ikhonkrete

Izintetho Ezinhle Zomshini We-Slipform Paver eziphatheni leNkantolo

Izimo zokucubungula izindlu zokulola kakhulu kubekiwe ngokubhala ngokulayishwa kwezindlu zokulola ngoba lezi zinhlobo zinikeza ukuphela kwekankana ngokuphelele. Lezi zinhlobo zihamba ngokuphelele ngezindlela zokulayisha izindlu – okuyisicelo sokuxhumana nezindlela zokulola, okudinga ukulayishwa kwezindlu kwe8-12 amahora. Ngokwesicelo saseNkululeko yeNkululeko yezindlu (2024), izinhlobo zokulayisha ngokulayishwa zingakhiwa izindlu ezingama-300–500 kanye nezindlu zokulola ngemizuzu yokulola engu-12-ft, ngenkqubo engeza umsebenzi ngama-60% ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezinamandla kwezindlela zokulola. Izinhlobo zokulayisha kanye nezinhlobo zokulinganisa izindlela zokulayisha zingaba ngama-±0.1 inch kwezindlu ezingama-mile, zikuthula izindlela zokulayisha ngama-$18–$22 ngemetro (NAPA 2023).

Izindlela zokulayisha ngokulayishwa kwezindlu zasegoli

Imigqa echanekileyo ikhanya kuzindlela zomuntu, kizindlela ezibangelwe, noma xa kusebenzwa nezinhlelo zokwehla. "Ungakwenza izisekelo ezingama-25% kwi-indlu ngokusebenzisa imigqa echanekileyo ongayenza ngazo kwi-indlu ongayenza nayo ngendlela yokwenza ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokwehla", uthe Edie Kello, umphathi wezokwelapha we-Battle Creek. Imigqa echanekileyo ikhuphela ukwenqaba ngama-43% kuzindlela zokuxhumana nezibhridij noma kuzindlela okudinga ukwenyuka okuphezulu kwezib thickness kwi-2023 inkqubo ye-Journal yeUrban Infrastructure. Kodwa izimo ezijwayelekileyo njenge-2022 downtown revitalization eDallas yeqela indlela efanayo, isebenza imipavhu yezokwehla kuzindlela futhi imigqa echanekileyo kuzindlela zokugcina ukwehliswa, ukuxhuma kisendvadzo (12 000 isikwere/usuku) nokucacile (0.15 isiphequluli sokwehla).

Imibuzo Eshukumiswa Khona: Imipavhu Yezokwehla Nezinhlelo Zemigqa Echanekileyo

Yeyiphi indlela ekuhle ngapansi kwezokwehla ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zemigqa echanekileyo?

Izokwehla lezokwehla liyavumela ukulaywa ngcono kwekhonkrete, okusebenza ukuba kube khona izindleko eziphakeme kanye nezikhala ezingaphansi, okusebenza ukuba kube khona izindleko ezingaphansi zokuphila ngokushesha.

Kungakani izipavu zokwenza amaphormu ehlukene ngokwesibonelo zinzima kakhulu?

Zidinga itekitheni enkulu nezinhlayiya zokushisa, kepha lezi zindleko zikwehliswa ngokwesikhathi ngokuthuthukwa kwezimali futhi kwehluka izindleko zokwenza amaphormu.

Yiziphi izimo ezifisela kakhulu amaphormu ehlelwe?

Amaphormu ehlelwe ayo kahle kuzindlela ezinezigaba ezingalandelanga noma ezincane, njengokwesifundazwe lasezindhabeni lapho kudingeka ukubophelela kwezigaba.

Ukupavwa ngokushisa kuhumbele kanjani izindleko zomsebenzi?

Ukupavwa ngokushisa kuhluka izindleko zomsebenzi ngokuthi abasebenzi abancane kuphela abadinga ukulandelela izinhlayiya futhi ukulawula uhlobo lwamanzi ngesikhathi esifanayo nezindlela ezifisela amaphormu, lapho kudinga abasebenzi abaningi ukulanda neyokuthula amaphormu.