Indlela Ekhuluma Ngayo Imishini Yokuvala Yezindiza Zokubusa Umlilo Kuyabuyekeza Ukugcina Kwemithambo Yezindiza

Ukusebenza Kwabantu Nokushaya Kwesikhathi Sokuphatha: Isigaba Esisodwa Sokusebenza

Ukunciphisa Ukuzimela Kwabantu Okusebenzayo Nakukuphela Isikhathi Sokuprojekthi

Izimboni zokugcina izilwane zezilwane ezisemhlabeni kuleli xesha ziyasebenza ngokufakwa kwezilwane, ukubeka amalini, nokukhipha konke ngokupheleleyo ngokupheleleyo, okuxhasa ukuncamisa ukusebenza kwabantu ngeminyaka yezinye ngokulingana nezindlela zezinye. Izisebenzo ezenzekayo ngamakhulu amashumi ayisithupha akhona kuzoba ngenkathi yezintathu kuphela manje. Abantu abasebenza emhlabeni bafuna ukuthi izikhathi sokubeka kuzoba ngeminyaka yezintathu kuphela, okuthetha ukuthi izihlombe zingasebenza ngokuvamile kwezinhlangano zezilwane zokuhlanza umfula ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokulinda phakathi kwazo. Isidingo esikhulu sibonakala ngokuncamisa kwezimpilo nokuthi abantu bacabanga ukuthi babuye ngokungabi nempilo yokusebenza ngokupheleleyo ngokungabi nesikhathi sokuphatha izinto ezizenzela ukuthi isikhumba sibekwe ngokupheleleyo. Lokhu kuyenza ukuthi izisebenzo ziyasebenza ngokupheleleyo ngokuphambili futhi kuyadumisa ukuthi izimpilo ziyasuswa ngokupheleleyo futhi kuyatholakala ukuthi iziqephu ziyahlanganiswa ngokupheleleyo.

Ukugcina kwe-GPS nokugcina ngolaser ukuthi ukubeka kwezilwane nokukhipha kuzobonakaliswa ngokupheleleyo

Kodwa i-GPS nezinhlangano zokulugcina ngolaser zisebenza kuhle kahle, kungabikho ukuthi kuzobikwa ukuthi kubhekwa ngokuphelele kwe-micrometer kwezinhlobo zemithambo kanye nendawo okuphakanyiswa kuyo izilineri. Ukulugcina kwesikhathi sokusha kusivumela ukuthi konke kubekwe ngokulinganayo ngaphakathi kwesihlanu semidwa yezinye izinsuku. Kanti lezi zilineri zokukhupha zokulugcina ngolaser zisivumela ukuthi umhlaba ozungezwe kubekwe ngokulinganayo kuphela kuzo zonke izindawo, kufika ema-99% kwenkimbinkimbi yokuqondwa. Lokhu kuyinto eyithi? Akukho zizibuko zokwakha, akukho amaqanda amadala esibhakabhaka, kanye nokuphela kwezindawo zokuvaleka okunokuthi zibe yizindlela ezinokuthi zithwasa izilineri kusukela kuqala. Emva kokubekwa kwemithambo, kubhekwa ukuthi kunezinkinga zomlambo ezingaphezu kwe-40% ngaphansi kokuthi abantu bakhusele ngokwanele. Lokhu kuyinto eyenziwa ngokujwayelekile ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi kubizwa ngokulinganayo kwezinkimbinkimbi zokudla kwezinsuku, kanye nezinye izinto ezisayishwa kumabhalo njenge-ASABE EP486.1 kanye ne-ISO 15686-5, okuyinto ekubonisa ukuthi imithambo iyakuba yini ngaphambi kokuthi ibuyiselwe.

Kusukela kwezinkinga kuqinisekiswa kweminyaka yokuqala

Ukuvuthelwa okubonakalayo kwezinkimbinkimbi zokuphatha isikhathi, ukunciphisa ukungena kwamanzi, nokubala kokuphatha okuphathelene nesikhathi

Ukwenza amaditchi ngendlela eyodwa kuyenza ukungabonakali kakhulu: izinsiza zezindawo zokudla, ukugrada okuphambana nomkhathi, nokuguqula kwabantu kuyenza ukuthi isikhathi sokuphatha sibuye phakathi kwe-20–30% futhi kuyenza ukuthi kukhona isibopho sokungena kwamazi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imishini yokulayisha amaditchi e-GPS iyabeka ukuphatha kwezinhloso ezinokubhalwa:

1. Ukuzimisela kwezikhathi iyavuthelwa ngaphezu kwe-85% ngokusebenzisa ukuzinikela okuphambana nomkhathi nokubala ngokushesha kwezinhloso zokuphatha
2. Ukunciphisa ukungena kwamanzi kuphika ngaphezu kwe-40% ngokusebenzisa ukuzinikela okuphambana nomillimeter okuhlinzekile okunqoba izindawo zokungena kwamanzi
3. Ukubala kokuphatha okuphathelene nesikhathi kufika emaphakathi kwe-95% ngokusebenzisa amasensọ ayisikhiwe emshini yokuzinikela kwezintaba nezindlela zokubala izindawo zomhlaba

Ukuqagela okuqhutshwa idatha kushintsha indlela esisingatha ngayo ukuhlela ubunjiniyela bokunisela, kusuke ekulungiseni izinkinga ngemva kokuba sezenzekile kuya ekulungiseni izinto ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izinkinga. Izindlela zendabuko zivame ukungabi nobuciko obudingekayo, obunganyusa izindleko cishe ngo-22% ngokusho kocwaningo lwakamuva lwe-IEEE TEMS ngo-2025. Imithombo yedatha eyenziwe ngomshini ivumela onjiniyela ukuba benze amamodeli ezimo ezihlukahlukene ngokusekelwe ekushintsheni kwezinkathi zonyaka nasezimweni ezihlukahlukene zenhlabathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaphrojekthi aba alindeleke kakhulu lapho ayegcwele khona ukungaqiniseki. Ngokwesibonelo, ukunciphisa ukushintshashintsha kwesikhathi ngo-10% nje kuphela kusho ukulondoloza imali engaba ngu-$18 000 ngehektare ngalinye uma kuziwa ekulondolozeni amanzi.

Ukuvumela Ukuphathwa Kwamanzi Okuhlanganisiwe Ngobuchwepheshe Bokubamba Amanzi Angaphansi Komhlaba

Indlela Imishini Yesimanje Yokugqokisa Imigodi Esekela Ngayo Ukuqaliswa Kwe-SWRT Nge-Geometry Ye-Trench Ne-Liner Integrity

Ubuchwepheshe obaziwa ngokuthi i-Subsurface Water Retention (SWRT) busebenza ngokubeka imigoqo engangenwa amanzi ngaphansi kwezimpande zezitshalo ukuze amanzi asemhlabathini angabi nawo amandla okuphuma, okubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinesomiso esivamile. Imishini yanamuhla yokwakha imisele yenza kube nokwenzeka ukufaka lezi zinhlelo ngendlela efanele ngoba ingakwazi ukumba imisele ngokunemba okukhulu ngenxa yezinhlelo zokuqondisa nge-laser. Ukwenza i-liner inamathele ngokuqinile enhlabathini kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ngisho nezikhala ezincane ziyokwenza amanzi aphume futhi abhubhise isimiso sonke. Imishini emisha iqukethe izici zokucindezela ngokuzenzakalelayo ezisiza ukugcina izinto ezivimbelayo zicindezelwe ngokuqinile ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zenhlabathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyibumba elinzima noma inhlabathi enesihlabathi lapho ingcindezi engalingani yayivame ukubangela izinkinga. Ngokwezivivinyo zasensimini eziqashwe izindinganiso ze-USDA-NRCS, lapho ama-SWRT efakwa kahle, abalimi badinga amanzi aniselwayo angaphansi ngamaphesenti angu-20 kuya kwangu-25 ezindaweni ezomile. Okwenza le ndlela ibe usizo kakhulu kungaphezu nje kokonga amanzi. Lapho zenziwe kahle, lezi zingqimba ezingaphansi komhlaba ziba izingxenye ezinokwethenjelwa ezihlala iminyaka eminingi, zivumele onjiniyela ukuba bakhe izinhlelo ezizinzile zokuphathwa kwamanzi ezihambisana nezindlela ezibanzi zokuhlela imvelo njengalezo ezikhuthazwa i - Food and Agriculture Organization.

Ukuhlanya Kwemisebenzi Yekonomi nokuthi kuzokwakha kanjani Amashini amasha emoderni yokubeka izibizo zemifula

Ukuchaza kwe-ROI: Ukuthenga kwangoku vs. ukuthinta kwendlela yokuqala yokugcina amanzi nokunciphisa ukusebenzisa

Umlahlelo wokuqala kwezinhlayiya zokufaka amashefu kwezindawo ziyaphika kude kwe-$200k ngalinye, kodwa kubonakala kakhulu ukuthi kubhukha kakhulu xa kubhekwa i-value yayo yezinsuku zonke. Ukuphakanyiswa kwesikhathi sokufaka kuyabeka isiphumo sokugcina amanzi ngokuphakanyiswa kwe-92%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kusafa imali encane kuzokufaka, kunezinkampani zokulawula ezinamandla okuhambisana nokugcina izinto ezingafani, futhi asikwazi ukubuyisela izinto kancane. Imali yokusebenza iphakanyiswa phakathi kwe-halves kanye ne-three quarters futhi. Kanti ngoba ukubekwa kuyaphakanyiswa kakhulu, izindlebe nezinye izinkampani ziyadlula ngama-15 kuya kuma-20 emva kokubuyisela kungabi nengxenye enkulu yokusebenza. Ngokujwayelekile, izinkampani zonke zibona ukuthi ubhukha bawo buyabuyiselwa ngama-5 kuya kuma-7 emva kokubuyisela konke lokho kwezimali zokugcina amanzi nezimali zokusebenza ezincane. Kuyakwazi kakhulu, ngoba lokhu kuchaza ukuthi le ndlela iyavumela ukuthi i-World Bank ibe yilokho ekhuluma ngalo ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe izimali zonke zezinsuku zonke kungabi noko kubhekwa kuphi umlando wokuthi kubhukha kancane.

Amamodeli okusebenzisa okwakhiwe kahle kwezinhlangano zemithambo nezinhlangano ezingaphezulu zokuhlanza

Indlela abantu bavamela lezi zintshukumo ziyaphakanyiswa kumaqhezu amabili okunye ngokuphakanyiswa kwezinye, kusukela kubukho bomkhawulo wabo nokuthi bakhwazi ukufaka imali. Kumafula emincane, kukho izimboni zemoto yezilwane ezincane eziphatha ngokusebenzisa izinto ngokuhlanganiswa noma ngokuthengiselwa. Lezi zisebenza kahle kumaqhinga angaphezu kwezikhathi zezihlakani ezingama-50 apho abafundi abazifunda akadinga ukuzifunda kakhulu ukuze bazisebenzise. Amakhanda amakhulu ekuthengiselweni aya kuzithenga izinkampani ezingaphezu kwezinye ezinamandla okuhamba ngokwakhe nge-GPS. Lezi zinkampani zinakwenzela izihlakani ezingaphezu kwezinhloko ezingama-300 ngosuku ngaso sonke kumaqhinga amakhulu okuthengiselwa. Izingxoxo eziningi zezigaba zomphakathi ezizweni zonke zisiza ukuguqula imali ekhulula kumsebenzi wokusebenzisa amadoda kuthengiselwa lezi zinkampani. Izindawo njenge-India nesiprogram yabo ye-PMKSY, futhi i-National Development and Management Commission (NDMC) yaseNingizimu Afrika, zibonisa ukuthi lapho lokhu kwenza, umfula ubuyela kumhlaba ngaphezu kwezinhloko ezingama-30% ngokuphakanyiswa kwezindawo ezingaqhutywa. Lokhu okuphambili kule ndlela kukuthi bonke abantu, kusukela kumaqhinga amancane ombuso wokufunda kumaqhinga amakhulu okuthengiselwa, bafuna isikhundla sokufuna lezi zintshukumo, okusho ukuthi kunezindlela eziningi zokugcina umfula ngaphandle kokuthi ubani owenziwe ngumhlaba noma ubukhulu bekho kwezinhloko zokuthengiselwa.