Ukudesigna Amasiko Okukhupha Ukusuka Ngokuthula Kwezinsuku Eziningi Ngokusebenzisa Imishini Yokuvala Ngokuzenzakalela

Izinsizakalo Ze- Ukudesigna Amasiko Okukhupha Ukusuka : Ukubalansisa I-Hydraulics, I-Geometry, Nokuthanda Kokuvikela Umkhondo

Ubunzima Be-Hydraulic Shear Nokuthinta Kwezinsuku Ezingavaliwa Kwezinkinga Zokuhleka

Lapho amanzi ehamba emisele, kwakheka into ebizwa ngokuthi ukucindezela kokusika kwe-hydraulic okusho ukuthi amandla asakazeka endaweni yonke. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi kulezo ziteshi ezingcolile ezingenalo uhlobo oluthile lwendwangu. Okulandelayo kuyi-physics elula ngempela inhlabathi iyaxoshwa inhlayiyana ngentshezane kuze kube yilapho ukuguguleka kuqala ukuthatha umthwalo wayo esakhiweni sonke. Futhi nakhu okwenza izinto zithakazelise uma ijubane lamanzi lenyuka ngisho nangamaphesenti angu-20, ukuguguleka komhlaba empeleni kungaba kubi ngokuphindwe kane. Yingakho onjiniyela benaka kakhulu ukuthi umsele ugudle kangakanani nokuthi inhlabathi injani. Uma kunganqandwanga, konke lokhu kuklwebheka komthamo kuzokwandisa kancane kancane imisele, kugcwalise imifula ezansi komugqa, futhi ekugcineni kubangele ukwehluleka ngokuphelele lapho kufika izivunguvungu ezinkulu. Ukwakhiwa kahle kokukhishwa kwamanzi kuhilela ukuthola ukuthi yiliphi izinga lamandla okusika angenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene. Abanye abantu basathembela ezindleleni zakudala ezifana nesimiso sikaManning kuyilapho abanye bekhetha ukulingiswa kwamakhompyutha kwanamuhla. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi basebenzisa yiphi indlela, umgomo uhlala uwukuthola izinto noma izinto zokwakha ezingamelana nalezi zimpi ngaphandle kokunciphisa kakhulu ukugeleza kwamanzi okuvamile.

Ukwenza kahle amaphrofayili we-cross-sectional for structural stability ngaphansi kokugeleza okuguqukayo

Izigaba ze-trapezoidal ngokuvamile zidlula imiklamo engunxande ekuzinzeni kwesikhathi eside ngenxa yokusabalalisa kwe-hydraulic radius efanelekile nokusabalalisa ukucindezela okulinganiselayo. Izici ezibalulekile zihlanganisa:

• Ukuthuthukisa ukuthambeka kwecala : Izilinganiso ezingu-2:1 kuya ku-3:1 zeziteshi zomhlabathi ezingagandayiwe zivimbela ukuwa kodonga; 1:1 emithambekeni ilungele izakhiwo ezigandayiwe
• Ukusebenza kahle kwe-hydraulic : Izisekelo ezibanzi zinciphisa ijubane lokuhamba ngo-15-30% uma kuqhathaniswa nemisele emincane, kunciphisa amandla okuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokugcwala okungazelelwe
• Ukumelana nomthwalo : Izindonga ezishintshashintshayo zidlulisa izingcindezi zomhlaba eziseceleni ngendlela ephumelelayo, zinciphise izingozi zokuguqulwa kuze kufike ku-40% uma kuqhathaniswa nezindonga eziqondile
• Izilinganiso zobubanzi besisekelo kuya ekujuleni : Ukugcina ama-ratios angu-4: 1 kuqinisekisa ukusabalalisa okufanayo kokucindezeleka phakathi kwezindwangu zesiteshi phakathi kwemijikelezo eyomile-emanzi

Kumaqondolo okungahlanzeka, izindlela ezingaphakanyiswa ngokuphakanyiswa kwezikhathi phakathi kwezihlobo zemithambo zisinda izindawo zokugcina—lapho izinkinga zokugcina zingaphakathi kwezinye. Izihlobo eziningi nezindlela zokubeka izinkambu zisiza ekuthinteni ukuthula kumaqondolo okungahlanzeka ngokwesibonelo ngokuthi zisiza ekufunzeni ukuthola umsebenzi wokulungisa.

Amashini Okulayisha Ngokuzenzakalelayo Kwezinhlobo Zemithambo Yokukhipha Amadluli: Ukuphepha, Ukubaluleka, Nokusebenza Ngokulinganayo

Kusuka Kwemisebenzi Yokuvala Ngokushesha KuKuvala Ngokushesha Ngokuzenzakalelayo: Sizinga Sokuthintela Ukuthi Ukubaluleka Kwemisebenzi Kuyisilinganiso

Izindlela zokufaka isilayini ngokusebenzisa izandla zisenza ukuthi ubude buhle bakhona futhi kunezindawo apho umfanekiso asihlukane kahle ngoba abantu bafanya amaphutha futhi imizamo yezindawo ibuyela. Lokhu kukuthi izinkampani zokusebenzisa izimboni zaziyisisekelo esikhathini esiphakade. Lezi zimboni zisebenzisa amasensha ukubuka okufana nokufakwa kwesilayini kusayithi futhi zinakwenzeka ukuguqula ubude obuhle noma obuncane wokufakwa kwesilayini ngokuphambana. Lokhu okwenza lokhu kusebenza kahle kukuthi isistimu isigqamisa ubunzima nobugcwele ngokuphambana kwenkathi yonke. Uma izipolimha zifakwa ngokuhle ngaphandle kokungafani noma izibhubesi, izindlela zokwahlula zihlala kancane ngoba ukungahlukani kuyinto eyisisekelo yokuhlula kwezilayini ngokukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zimboni zingasiza ekuphelekeni kwemithombo yomfanekiso ngokuphambana futhi zisakha izibarayi ezinamandla okuzimela kubuchwepheshe bakwamanzi nokushaya kwebhili ephambana. Kuma-injiniya osebenzayo emaphuleni okususa amanzi, lokhu kuthiwa ukuthi kuzohamba kusukela ukuzinikela izinkinga ngokuphambana kusukela ukudala izindawo ezinamandla kusukela kuqala—lokhu akakwaziwa ukwenziwa uma konke kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izandla.

Ukukhetha Imithwalo nekugcina Imifanekiso Yezindaba Zokubeka I-Drainage Channel Ekhuluma

Imilinganiselo Yezinto Ezinamandla Nezinkamba Zokubeka: Ukuphakanyiswa Kwemisebenzi Kuyaphakanyiswa Nokuthi Kuzoba Kuphakade

Lapho sifaka imithwalo yezinkamba zokubeka kumkonzo wokubeka, sibona izikhala zokuvula ezihamba ngokuphakeme ngezinsuku zokuphakama kanye nezinsuku zokuhlala kahle, kodwa akasibone ukuvula kwezinsuku zokuphakama kanye nezinsuku zokuhlala kahle. Ilayiya yezinkamba zokubeka isebenza njengomshini wokuvula kusishonkela kwesithili nokuguqula kwesikhathi, ngakho lezi zikhala zokuvula azizange zifanele kumkonzo wokubeka lapho kuhamba ngokuphakama kanye ngokuhlala kahle. Uma sifaka amagridi we-polymers njengomthwalo wokubeka, lezi zinhlobo zokubeka zihambisa umkhondo wokubeka kusigaba esikhulu, futhi zibeka amandla okufana kwezinhlobo zokubeka. Lokhu konke kuthi ukuthi izinhlobo zokubeka zezikhala zokuvula zizoba zikhulu kunezinhlobo zokubeka zezikhala zokuvula zokusebenza ngokuphelele. Izindaba zokuhlelwa zokusebenza zikubonisa ukuthi izinhlobo zokubeka zizoba zikhulu ngokuphakeme kunezinhlobo zokubeka zezikhala zokuvula zokusebenza ngokuphelele, ngokuphakeme kwe-40–60%, lokhu kubonakala kakhulu kusenzo lwesikhathi sokubeka kanye nesikhathi sokubeka kwezinhlobo zokubeka.

Ukuzimisela kwe-ASTM D7747 njengekhahli lokuphatha ukuthi izihlangu zokuvula ziyakhuluma ngokufanele nempilo yasezulwini

Ukufollowa imithombo ye-ASTM D7747 ibonisa ukuthi izinkampani zokuhlakaza zinakwenzela ukuthi izinto zokuhlakaza zizokwazi ukuphatha kahle lezindlela zokugqibela zokuphatha izimo zezulu eziningi eziphathwa ngazo ngasinye isikhathi esihle emagwebeni okususa amanzi. Ngalesi simo, izinkampani kufuneka zifunde izinto ngokuthi zinakwenzela ukuthi amanzi aphume kahle (kufuneka kube ngapansi kwesikhathi sokuphuma kwe-0.1 cm/s) futhi zilungele ukubona ukuthi zinakwenzela ukuthi ziqinisekile emva kokubhekwa kwezulu ngapansi kwesikhathi sokubhekwa kwe-200 amahora ngokuthekelwa. Izinkampani ezenza lezi zinto ziyashintsha izifomula zabo ngokwesikhundla esizokuhlanganiswa kulesi magweba. Isibonelo, izipolimha ezithile zidibaniswa uma kubuyiswana kwezindawo eziphansi kwezulu njenge-Alaska, ngakho-ke ubukhulu bekhaya lokudlula kwezilwane zokuhlakaza kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuhlakazwa kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo zokuhlakaza kwezindawo......

Ukugcina Kwemisebenzi: Ukubambisana Ukudesigna Amasiko Okukhupha Ukusuka , Ukuqhubeka Kwemithambo, nokufaka Emsebenzini

Lapho sikhuluma ngemisele yokulawula amanzi, wonke umdlalo uyashintsha lapho sihlanganisa umsebenzi wokuklama, izinhlelo zokufaka izinto ezizenzakalelayo, nokufakwa kwangempela ensimini konke ngaphansi kwepulani elilodwa elihlanganisiwe. Okokuqala, labo onjiniyela be-hydraulic baqala ukusebenza ukuze bathole ukuthi amanzi angakanani azogeleza futhi inhlabathi ingamelana naluphi uhlobo lokucindezela. Basebenzisa amabalazwe e-GIS kulokhu, futhi lokho abakutholayo kubumba konke kusukela ngosayizi womsele kuya kokuthi yiziphi izinto okufanele ziye kuphi. Uma lezi zincazelo sezibekiwe, zifakwa kule mishini yokufakelwa okuzenzakalelayo ngokusebenzisa isofthiwe ye-BIM. Lokhu kuvumela opharetha ukuba balungise izinto ezinjengokuthi impahla ifuthwa ngokushesha okungakanani nokuthi idinga ukuba ibe mkhulu kangakanani njengoba behlanganisa imisele. Lapho besebenza ensimini, abasebenzi empeleni babona iziqondiso ezilandelanayo ngqo emakhanda abo ngokusebenzisa izibuko ze-AR, ukuze amalunga alungele kahle futhi konke kuhlanganiswe kahle. Sibonile amaphrojekthi anciphisa isikhathi sawo sokufaka cishe ngo-40% ngale ndlela, futhi kunezinkinga ezimbalwa endleleni ngoba izinto ezingahambelani azisafakiwe. Lapho ukuhlela kuhambisana kahle nokwenza, wonke umuntu uyazuza - ukuphathwa kangcono kokugeleza kwamanzi nezindlela ezihlala isikhathi eside kunezindlela ezivamile.