Ukukhokha Kwesilinganiso Sokuqondisa Kwemithambo Yekonkreti Kukusakaza Kwemithambo Ngokuzenzekelayo

Kungani Ukulinganiswa Kwezilinganiso Zokukhokha Kwemithambo Yekonkreti Kuyisisekelo Sokusakaza? Ukubangela Kwamathiniyo we-Canal

Ukufumana ubude bakonkreti okuphelele bubi kakhulu kubalulekile ukusukela ekusebenzeni kwezilwane ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma ubude bakonkreti kuhambisana ngaphezu kwe-3 mm, lokhu kunciphisa ubungakanani bekuvula kwamaphuzu ngokugcwele ngo-15%, ngakumbi ngokwakhiwa kwezimboni zokuphazimba nokuthabatha kwezinye izinto (lokhu kutholwe emfanekiseni wase-Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ngesihlwa esidlule). Lokhu kubhekise kuthi lezinye izinguquko ezingaphansi kuzosha amanzi ngokuphansi kwezinsuku, futhi lokhu kuyisibonelo esikhulu sokuthi izilwane ziphila njani. Emfanekiseni kubonisiwe ukuthi ngokwegcwele i-25% yazo zonke izilwane zokuphila ziyaphila ngokuthi amanzi zihlanya. Uma sisebenzisa izinhlelo zokuzenzakalelayo zokufaka isilwane, sifuna ukulawula kahle kakhulu, sibeka ubude ngokuphansi kwe-2 kuya ku-3 mm. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuthi izikhalo zihlala ngokugcwele ngo-58% kunezizinhlelo zokwenza ngokushaya. Lokhu kuthiwa ngokwesayensi ukuthi kunezindawo ezingenakho ezinkulu kwezilwane phakathi kwezinsuku zokuphanda nokuthwasa, lapho kuzoba kubhekise kuthi kuzobuka izinkinga. Kwezindawo zokuphanda kanye nokuthwasa, lezi zindlela zokuphathwa ziyakusiza ukuthi izilwane zibe nendalo engaphezu kwezinsuku eziyisigibili, ngaphambi kokuthi kuzobhekise kuthi kuzofunwa ukuzenza izinto ezinkulu.

Ukuthola ukwabiwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo okuhambisanayo kuzo zonke izakhiwo kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukuzinza kwazo. Uma ungqimba lukakhonkolo luba mncane kakhulu ezindaweni ezithile (ukuguquguquka okungaphezu kuka-8%), kudala umehluko wamandla angaphezu kuka-15 MPa ongathinta kakhulu ukuthi isakhiwo singakwazi yini ukubamba isisindo ngokuphepha. Izindlela zokwakha zanamuhla ezithuthukile zigcina izinga lamanzi nesimende liphakathi kuka-0.45 no-0.50 ngesikhathi sokuxuba, okuholela ekubeni nobuningi obufanayo cishe kuma-95% emizini eminingi. Lokhu kuqapha imininingwane kuvimbela ukuba kungabi khona izikhala ezicasulayo, okwakuyokwenza izinkinga zokubola zibe nzima kakhulu emithonjeni yeziteshi eziqinisiwe, ikakhulukazi lapho kusetshenziswa inhlabathi enosawoti ophakeme ongaphezu kuka-2 dS/m. Ukubheka imiphumela yangempela yasensimini kubonisa okuthile okuthakazelisayo: imisele eyakhiwe kahle ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kuka-50 phakathi nezinkathi zokubanda nokuncibilika ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu zokugqoka, kuyilapho izindlela ezindala zokugqokisa ngesandla ziqala ukwehluleka ngemva nje kwemijikelezo engaba ngu-15 enjalo.

Izimplications zokusebenza kwisifundo sivame kakhulu. Ukufaka okuningi ngokulinganisa nge-10 mm kuphakanya izindleko zemithambo ngama-$740k ngasinye sesikhundu (Ponemon, 2023), ngakho-ke izihlangothi ezincane kakhulu zidinga ukuzilungisa okuzoba kuthatha imali ezingaba yama-3–5 kwezindleko zokufaka kwakho kwanasekhathe. Ukusebenzisa okulinganiselwe ngokuphelele kususa lokhu konke okungafanele, kubeka ukuthi izinto zokusebenza zizokwenzwa ngokuphelele kwezintonga ezingaphezulu.

Izintechinoloji Zokulandela Ngokushesha Kwinkimbinkimbi Yenkimbinkimbi Kwezinhloso Zokwenza Amaphatho Ngokulinganiselwe

Ukulinganisa Nge-Laser Nezinhloso Zokulandela Ezifakwe Ngaphakathi

Ama-laser profilometers askena izindawo zikakhonkolo cishe ngo-100 Hz ngokusebenzisa amasu okuxhumana angenawo ama-laser triangulation, enza amabalazwe anemininingwane ka-3D anobukhulu obuqondile obungu-plus noma-minus 0.3 mm. Lolu hlelo lubuye luhlanganise izinzwa ezifakelwe ezifaka izinhlelo ezincane ze-micro electromechanical (MEMS) ngqo ezingxenyeni ezisha zikakhonkolo. Lezi zinto ezincane zibona ukuthi ukhonkolo unamanzi futhi ushintsha kanjani njengoba ushintsha. Kwenzekani ngokulandelayo? Izinzwa zithumela ukufundwa kokucindezelwa okuqhubekayo nokulinganiswa kokushisa emuva emaqenjini okulawula asemaphakathi, okuvumela opharetha ukuba bashintshe amapharamitha ngokushesha lapho bethela ukhonkolo ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngokwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwensimu, lokhu kuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe kunciphisa ukungavumelani kokunemba cishe ngamaphesenti amathathu uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuhlola ezenziwe ngesandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izisebenzi zichitha isikhathi esincane kakhulu zihlola ikhwalithi kakhonkolo, okwenza bonke abahilelekile emisebenzini yokwakha bajabule.

Ama-algorithms Wokuthola Umngcele nge-GNSS-RTK Positioning

Uhlelo lokubuka nge-computer luhlola lezo zithombe zekhamera eziqoshiwe ukuze lubone ukuthi ama-slab aphelela kuphi, kuyilapho uhlelo lwe-GNSS RTK lunikeza indawo eqondile ngempela yomshini wokufaka phansi phansi ezingeni lesentimitha. Ukuhlanganisa lezi zinto kwenza lokho esikubiza ngokuthi ibalazwe lobukhulu eliqondiswe endaweni ethile eliqhubeka lishintsha njengoba kudingeka ukuze kulungiswe ukuthi i-screed ihlala phezulu kangakanani. Uma ukubonwa komngcele kuthola ngisho nomehluko omncane wamasentimitha ama-5 wokunwebeka endaweni ethile emgqeni, uhlelo lwe-GNSS RTK luyosetha kabusha indawo yomgqomo cishe engxenyeni yesibili. Lokho okufezwa yileli cingo lonke lokuphendula kugcina izinto ziqinile kakhulu, kugcina ngaphansi kwe-2 mm ukuhluka phakathi kwalezi zingxenye ezigobile zamatheku okubaluleke kakhulu uma sifuna ukuvimbela amanzi ukuba angabi khona.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Closed-Loop kanye Nokulawula Okuzivumelanisa Nezinto ku-Automated Slipform Paving

Ukuthola ubude bakonkwele okufanele kakhulu kubalulekile uma kubuyiselwa amaphansi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma kunezilinganiso ezincinci nje kwezilinganiso ezenziwe, umsindo wamanzi uqondwa futhi isithuthi sokuphila kwesithuthi singasemva kwezilinganiso zokuphila. Lokhu kukhona ukuthi izinhlelo zokugcina izikhathi ziyasebenza. Lezi zinhlelo zibhekisa ubude bakonkwele ngokwesibonelo kubude obufanele kusukela ekubeni kubuyiselwa. Uma kunezinkinga, zibiza amashini ukuthi zihlelele ngokwesibonelo. Akukho mhlawumbi wokuzoma ukuthi kubonekwe izinkinga emva kwalokho. Ngokwemibhalo yezinsizakalo ezithile, le ndlela iyanciphisa izinto ezingavunyelwanga ngaphezu kwe-15 percent, ngokujwayelekile ngokwesimo. Akukho mhlawumbi lokhu ukuthi sibuyise konke kumlinganiselo ngokuhlanganisa ukunciphisa izinto.

Ukuguqula Ubude Bakwesikrithi Sokuvimbisa Ngokusebenzisa Ukubhekisa Ubude Kwesikhathi Sokusebenza

Izinzwa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kule mishini zibheka ungqimba olusha lukakhonkolo njengoba luwela phansi, zithumela ukufundwa kokunwebeka ebhokisini lokulawula njalo ngemva kwengxenye yesigamu sesekhondi. Uma kunokuhluka ngaphezu kuka-1.5 mm, umshini wenza ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo kulezo zithutha ze-hydraulic eziseceleni kwe-screed edlidlizayo kungakapheli isigamu sesekhondi. Lezi zilungiso ezisheshayo zisiza ekuqhekekeni kwezikhukhula emhlabathini ongaphansi futhi zibonisa umehluko endleleni ingxube kakhonkolo enomswakama noma eyomile ngayo, zigcina konke kuhlanganiswe ngokuqinile. Ukuhlolwa ezindaweni zangempela zomsebenzi kuye kwabonisa ukuthi lezi zinhlelo ezihlakaniphile zenza umsebenzi wokufaka uphahla ngendlela enembile cishe ngama-95% awo wonke umsebenzi, okusho ukuthi abasebenzi akudingeki bangenelele futhi balungise izinto ngesandla cishe izikhathi ezingaba ngu-80% kunakuqala. Njengoba lolu hlobo lwesiphithiphithi esiqhubekayo siqhubeka kulo lonke lolu hlelo, isisindo sisabalala ngokulinganayo phezu komhlaba, sivimbe lezo zindawo ezincane ezicasulayo lapho amanzi evame ukuhlangana khona futhi abangele izinkinga kamuva emisele nakwezinye izakhiwo ezihambisa amanzi.

Ukulinganisa Kwemithambo: Ukufikha Ukulinganisa Kwemithambo Engaphezulu Kwe-Millimeter Ngokwesikhathi SaseShandong Sokuphakama Kwemithambo Engu-12.4 km

Uprojekthi lwezilwanyana zokuzokwa eShandong, okubhaliwe ngamakhilomitha ama-12.4, wabonisa into ethile enkulu xa kufikwa ekuthambekeni kwesikhundla sesementi. Amathesiti aqondwa emkhakheni wabonisa ukuthi isementi yasemkhakheni yayisibonelo esihlukene ngokulinganayo nge-±0.8 mm kwezilinganiso zokuzimela kuwo wonke amakhilomitha ama-12. Lokho kuyinto engaphezu kwezinye izindlela zokusebenza ezizimele, kuyaphinda iphumelela ngokulinganayo kwezilinganiso zokuzimela ngokulinganayo ngo-60%. Bathi bafakweni njani lokho? Babasebenzisa i-laser profilometers nokuthi bavalele amasensha emkhakheni okuzokwa okubhekise konke ngokushesha. Xa lezi zinhlelo zabona ukuthi kukhona ukuchaphazeka kuhle, izinhlelo zokulungisa ziyagcina ubude be-vibratory screed ngokushesha kakhulu. Emva kokugcina wonke lokhu, abengineyiri babiza izihlalo ezingu-120 ezindaweni ezahlukene. Lokho babofunda kuyabonakala kakhulu futhi – ubude obungu-0.35 mm buyahlukana kuphela phakathi kwezihlalo zonke. Lokho kuyinkimbinkimbi yokuthi ukuthambekeni kuyajabula kangakanani xa kusetyenziswa emizini yezinsizakalo ezinkulu.

Ukuthola lezi zinhlobo ngokuphelele kwezinye izimithi zemilimita kubalulekile kakhulu uma kufundwa ukuthi i-hydraulics isebenza njani futhi ukuthi izindawo zizoba zingakanani. Uma isikrithi sibhalwa ngokulinganiswe kuzo zonke izindawo zomsebenzi, kusinda ukuthi lezi zinye izihlangothi zizofika futhi kuzoba kususa amanzi ngokuphakeme kusasa—lokhu kubalulekile kakhulu lapha amanzi amsha kuyasekhiwe. Izimboni zezinkampani ezingaqondi zafindela ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zokusebenzisa izivimba zizishintsha ukususa amanzi ngokuphakeme ngemiphumela yezinye izinhlobo zokusebenza ngokwesibonelo. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukulinda amanzi kungaba yini ngokuphelele uma sifunda ukuthi ubude beshintsha ngokuphelele. Lokhu okwenza le msezeli ibe yinto eyodwa kukhona kukuthi yadala umdlalo owenziwa ngokuvamile oya kusetyenziswa ngabanye amathuluzi ekukusetshenziseni izivimba ne-automation emisebenzini yezindawo ezibalulekile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungani ubude besikrithi bubalulekile ekwakheni kwemikhala?

Ukubhakisha kwe-concrete kubalulekile ngoba izinguquko ziyathinta ubukhulu bokuvula kwamanzi, okuyenza ukuthi kuzo kubhekene nokuphazimula kanye nokufana kwezinye izinto. Ukucaphuna kunciphisa ukusula kanye nokuphakama kwesikhathi sokusebenza kwemithombo yezinsizakalo.

Izintechinoloji ziphi ezenziwa ukulandela ukubhakisha kwe-concrete?

Izintechinoloji zihlanganisa ukulandela ngelaser nokusetshenziswa kwamaphakathi amanani wezinhlobo zezinkampani zokulandela ngokushesha, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-GNSS-RTK nokuthola isikhundla sokugcina ukuthi kwenziwe izilungiselelo ezincane.

Ukuzenzakalelwa kufaka kanjani ekwakha kwezindlu zokuvula?

Ukuzenzakalelwa kusiza ukuthi kubhekeke kahle nokubhekeka ngokulinganayo ukubhakisha, kunciphisa ukuthi kusethelwe imithombo, futhi kusiza ekuphambaneni kweprojekthi yonke, okuyenza ukuthi kubhishelwe imali futhi kubhekene nokuphakama kwesikhathi sokusebenza.

Iziphumo zize zivele kuzo kuzindlu zokuvula zase-Shandong ngokubhakisha kwe-concrete?

Uprojekthi lase-Shandong lubhakisha ukuthi kubhakishwa ngokulinganayo ngokulinganayo kwe-±0.8 mm, okuphakamisa izindlela zokusebenza ngokujwayelekile ngeminyaka engu-60%, okubonisa ukuthi ukuzenzakalelwa kwezindlu zokuvula kubalulekile futhi kubhekene nokuthi kusebenza ngokulinganayo.