Ukuthini Ukukhetha I-Machine Eningiweyo Yokulayisha I-Canal Okanye I-Trench

I-Canal vs. I-Trench: Izindlela ehlukene kwezimali Umsebenzi wokubhala kwezikhali zomfula Ukugcina

Kufanele ukhethe imachini yokulayela ngokuba uyasebenza kanjani kuzindawo zokulayela noma kuzindlela, ngoba izidingo zokusebenza ziphambene kakhulu. "Ukukhipha izindlela" ngokuvumelekile yindlela yokuthola amanzi noma ukulayela, okunecingo lokuthi kufanele ukuphumele kwezindawo eziphansi/ezingcolile. Imachini encaneke kungcono lapha, iyasebenza ngokuthula kwezinye, futhi iyalayela ngokucophelela. Izindlela, ngokuhambelana, izindlela eziphezulu zokukhipha amanzi ezingcono kudinga imachini enkulu engakhiya amaphetholo ngamathela amakhulu, ngemaphetholo amathile, futhi kuzinca zinkulu. Ukuphakama kwesithunga kaphela kwehlukene: izindlela dinga amalayela athintekayo ona-"crush resistance" enkulu, futhi izindlela eziphezulu dinga ukuphakama phakathi kwezinto ezikhulu. Lezi ziphambeno zokulayela kusemaphakamini kudinga ukuthi imachini zenzeke ngendlela ethile, njengezinselelo zokukhulisa noma ukusebenzisa amalayela.

Ukucabanga Izingxenye Zokwenza Noma Ubukhulu Bezindlela

Ukugcina ubukhulu bokudlulwa kuyindlela encane ukukhetha izinkampani ezifanelekileyo. Ubukhulu bokudlula — bubekezela ukunqunyelwa kwezinkqubo zokuthutha — ngokwengeziwe amadlulwa angaphezulu kwe8 feet ayadinga izinkqubo eziphakanyisiwe kanye nezinhlobo zokugcina leso kanye nokuthutha kwezinto. Ububanzi yindlela yokuthutha: amadlulwa angaphansi kwe3 feet engaphansi kwezinhlobo zokudonsa kungasebenzisa uhlobo lwezinkqubo zokudonsa okuthutha ngaphakathi kwezokudlulwa, lokhu kuthatha isikhathi esincane phakathi kwezokuthutha. Ubude bubekezela ukusebenza ngokushesha; ukubala okulandelanayo (noma inani lezokuthutha nezinyathelo ezibangeni) kuyakhepha ukuthi izinkqubo zokudlulwa ezihlotshanisiwe kanye nezinhlobo zokudonsa ezinevenkeyi zizakunika izikhathi ezingcono. Sicela uqinisekise ukuthi uvumele ukuguqulwa okuncane ukuze izinkampani zisebenze ngaphakathi kwezimo eziyisicathami kanye nokuqonda kwezinhlobo zokulayisha.

Imithwalo yokuhlangana nezinhlobo zezinhlobo zokulayisha

Izimakhina kufanele zibe yindlela ethulwana nezindleke zokulayisha ukuze uvikele isebenta yokuqinisa. Kufanele elimiswe amakhawulezwe ngokusebenzisa isisombululo sokushayela ngokugcwele kanye neqenqo lokuvumela ukuvumelana kwegolide kumatrikhi yebhethone. Iindleke ezenzeka ngokuxhuma nesayithi, njengezindleke zase-HDPE, kufanele zibe nezinqawomoya zokulayisha ezilandelana nokulinganisa ukuthermalwa ukuze kuvikele ukuthi kungaphansi kwezindleke. Ii-geo-textiles eziphathelene kufanele zibe nezinkawu zokulayisha ezingenasimboni ukuze kuvikele ukuthi kungaphansi kwezindleke. Izinto eziphathelene nezolo zenza ukuthi ukuchonga kube ngemoto:

Impahla	Ukusekela Imikhina	Inkcazelo Ebalulekileyo
I-Bentonite Clay	Iindlela zokuvumela ngokushushu	Iisensile zokugcina amanzi
Iindleke zase-PVC	Iindlela zokulayisha ezinezindleke ezincinci	Ukusebenzisa ngokuvikelwa kwe-UV
Ibhethone eliyimkisa	Amathuba okuphumelela	Imicabango yenkqubo yokuxhuma ngokuzenzekelayo

Ukuhlola imitheshi yezixhobo zokulayisha ngokulingana nokusebenza kwamakhine kuthintela ukungena kwezinto ezingcono ngokungqinelwa.

Iindlela zokulayisha iindlela: Iimfuno kunye neempilo

Ukukhetha iindleko eifumanekayo zidinga ukuqonda iimeko ebalulekileyo yemikhinyebo, ebaluleka ngokupheleleyo kwaye iyahlula amandla ngokuchanekileyo ekulayiseni iindleko.

Iimali ephakamayo vs. Iindlela zokulayisha ezincinci

Kwiiprojekthi ezincinci iimali eziphakamiso ngokukhawuleza kwaye iindlela zokulayisha kunye neempatho zokulayisha zinokwenziwa ngokuthembekileyo, zonke ngokuba nenkqubo yokudlala iindlela. Iindlela ezincinci kwaye zinokusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kwiindlela ezibangelwa ngokuncinci njengokulayisha kwiindlela zokulayisha okanye ukulungisa iindlela ngekona encinci yokungqinelwa kwezinto ezenziweyo kwiimeko ezingayo kunezimali ezikhankanyayo. Iimali ezinamandla ngaphezulu zinokuprosesa ngaphezulu kune 150 + iindlela zokulayisha ngasinye, ngokulingana neefoots ezingama 50 kwiindlela ezincinci - oku kubalulekile xa ixesha lifuneka lithathelwe ngokukhawuleza.

Izici Zokuxhumana Nezici Zemoto Eziyisisekelo

Izici zokuxhumana zinikeza i-base ephakeme kakhulu yokusebenzisa kuzo lapho kuzoqala noma kuzo lapho kunezindlela ezikhanyangwa ngokwenzelwe ukuthi izinga lezimo ziphakathi kakhulu - lokhu kunciphisa amathuba okulaywa. Izici zemoto zinikeza ukukhula kabi, ukunqamula phakathi kwezindawo zokusebenza ngokushesha futhu kungabi nazo izici zokuxhumana ukuze kuthathe iindlela ezilayishwayo. Izici zemoto kungabi nazo kuzo abasebenzisa abayinga ukuthi kuzoqale ukuthi kuzoqale futhu kuzo abaningi ukuthi kuzoqale okuphakeme kudinga izici zokuxhumana ukuze kuthathe iindlela ezilayishwayo.

Izici Zokunamathisela Ukusebenza Okuningi

Izimakhine eziya kufakwa kuzo izilayisi eziphathelene nezindlela zokuguqula izicathami njenge-backhoe, isihlathulwa, noma iliphu legradi ngemizuzwana lelithupha. Lokhu kuvumela ukuguqulwa kwezimakhine ezinhlelwe ukwenza into eyodwa kwezifaniso eziningi, okuyindlela ngokukhawuleza kwezinyathelo ezithile (njengekukhuphuka ngemuva kokubekwa komphakathi neziliningo). Abasebenzisa bethola amahhovisi ngokubhatala izimakhine eziphumelelayo ngokusebenzisa lezi zinhlobo zokusebenza.

Imigomo Yezokudla Noma Imigomo Yezokudla Efanayo Nezindleko Zokusebenza Kwemakhine Yokulayisha

Ukuvakasha Kwamandla Wezokudla Kuzo Zonke Izimakhine

Imigqa emibindayo enenani le-15% kufuneka ikhulwe amathrack Shoes futhi kudinga amathrack anengiweyo ukwenza amaphepha, futhi imigqa emibokweni kudinga amathool e-impact. Yizinhloso zokugcina okuqondile futhi zinokuba yi-89% ekugcineni, futhi kudinga ukugcinwa okuphelele kwezinsizwa ezinsontekayo ukuvikela ukungcolisa okuphakathi kwezindawo zokutholwa. Kumaqondo wezindawo eziphathwe ngokuxhuma, izinhloso zokugcinwa zivumela abasebenzisi ukuthatha izisizo kanye nokugcina ukuphakama phakathi kwe-25-40 psi.

Izinkinga zokugcinwa kwezindleko kwezindleko

Isilika esinezulu, okungelika, kungaba kube yindlela yokuthatha amandla wokugcina kuye kube 60% futhi abasebenzisa izinhlelo kubekwa ukumelana noku ngelaphaya noma usebenzisa imithwabo yokusula ngaphambi kokulayisha izinhlelo. Ngakolunye uhlango, amathimo aphelile kwezulu ezincane kune 5% esikhundleni kwezulu esifaniswayo kubangela ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokunquma izulu ukuba kufanele lindele. Izisense zezulu evela kudonga olunamathimbo olusebenzisa ukubuyiselwa kwezinye izigaba ukwenza iziguquko ngelokho ku-15-minute operating windows, uyinikeze ukutholwa kwezithwala ngelokho kwezulu lihlukile. Imaphakethe edondweni ichaza ukuthi izindlela zokuphatha izulu zingaba kube yindlela yokuthatha isikhathi esingekelwa kumashini 37% kumathimo aphaphazwe.

Ukuthuthukwa Kweteknoloji kumashini weDitch Lining Opetile

Izinhlelo zeGPS Guided Alignment ukulayisha ngokucacile

Izimakini zokulayela itrenchi nezintambo zokwanda zokwanda zinake ukulandeleka kahle kwezintambo ezingeni eliyinhloko, ku-2 cm, ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo eziyi-GPS. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa izibonelo ezingeni eliyinhloko ukuze kuthulelwe kahle izinkundla zomakini, ukuthulaswa kwezindleko zokusebenza ngendlela yokulandelela. Izinhlelo eziyi-GPS zikhansela izindleko zokusebenzisa futhi ku-34% ngaphansi kwezindleko eziphambene, ngokuqondile kumakatha amakhulu, okudinga ukulinganisa kahle kwezindleko.

Ukunyuswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwezinhlobo futhi ukulaywa kwezinhlobo

Izinhlelo zokuphatha kahle zinikeza ukuthi amadoda athathwe kahle kuwo wonke amadindle. Izinhlelo zokunyuswa ngokuzenzekelayo zilungiselela ukukhula kwekhipha ngokulingana nezimo zezinga ukuvikela ukugcinwa kwezinhlobo ezingu-10-mm ku-panele yekonkreti ephethekileyo. Le ndlela yokulungisa kwezinhlelo ikhansela ukungena kwezinhlobo ku-18-22% futhi ikhansela futhi ukunyuswa ngokwemijolo ehlukahlukene njengekhipha kwehelical kumasekethini amakhulu.

Ukuxhunywa ngokwemingi kwezinhlobo zokulinga kwezokulungiswa

Izinhloso zemifanekiso ezingi-3 zilawula izindlela ezingi-3 ngokuvamile:

• Ubukhulu bokugcina (±5%)
• Izimo zokugcina (ubukhulu bokugcina obukhulu kune-90% Proctor)
• Ukushintana kwezindawo zokugcina (≥15cm kuma-geosynthetics)

Ukufakwa okusheshayo kwezimpendulo kuvumela abasebenzisi ukulungisa izimo ezimbi ngemva kokuthi kuvalelwe, kuthula amathuba okulungiswa emva kokuvakwa ngama-41% njengoba kuboniswa kuma-tryals. Lokhu kudingeka kakhulu kumaqo apholile lapho ukulandwa ngokwamanje kuthakatha imigomo yokuphepha.

Ukukhetha Iindlela zokwenza Indawo yokulandela

Ukwenza ukuhlaziywa okuphezulu kwezindlela nokuthola kuvumela ukuthi izindlela zithathwe ngendlela efanele futhi ukuthintwa kwezimali kuthathelwe. Ukukhetha okungempela kwezinhlobo zokusebenzisa kuthatha ama-38% wezindlela zokuthola izindlela zokuvakwa kwezindlela zokulandela.

Ukubuya vs. Ukuthenga: Izindlela zokubala ukuthola ngokuphelele

Izikhishiwa ngokwesibonelo kutholeni inani le-$125-$200 ngamahora ngaphandle kwezindleko zokulungisa nokunciphisa amathiphu. Kungcono ukubonakala ngokuthola i-ditch lining machine encane ($55-85k) ngosizo olude, ngenkathi ithole le ROI kwekuphindwa kabili kanye nokuphinda kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa kweyishumi kanye nekuphindwa k......

Ukusebenza Kwamali Nezindleko Zokulungisa Iziphumo

Izindleko zokusebenza zihlala kakhulu kuzindlela zokusebenza kwamathina:

• Izinyathelo ezivumelekileyo zokulinga kwezimali ziyindlela ezingu-3.5-4.2 ngamahora ngaphakathi kwezimali ezingu-18-22kWh/hour
• Izikhathi zokulungisa izinhlobo zokuxhumana kancipha ngama-40% emhlabeni ongqamuzi, kakhulu kuzindleko zokulungisa ngamnyaka ngama-$3.2k-$5.7k
• Ukubuyiswa kwezinhlobo zemvilwane kuzindleko zemashini zokulinga kwezimali kuhamba ngamaphetheni amabili nekuthathu kakhulu emhlabeni wamanzi aphelile

Izidingo Zokubuyiswa Kwamathiphu Ngokusebenzisa Iziphumo Ezinhle

Noma ukuba izinhlelo zokuzothekela zokugcina i-GPS zongezela ama-$20-$40k kumathile wokwenza, zenza ukuba kube nemiphumela engcono yokusebenza:

• Ukucaciswa komthambo kunciphisa umsebenzi wokulayisha kabusha umphela ngama-65%
• Ukungcola komkhumbi phezu kwezinhlelo yasezingeni kwezwa kuma-12% usuka kuma-4%
• Ukugcina ubunzima ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo zokulinganisa kunciphisa ukulungiswa ngokulandela ukufakwa ngama-80% ombule ngizinyanga ezi-3

Izithiwe zokubona zokuthi zinike amaphethini okunciphisa izindleko zokubuyela emuva ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezi-14 uma kusebenzela izindleko ezingu-≥5 miles yezindleko zokulayisha amathongwa ngonyaka

Isibonelo: Ukuvuleka ukukhetha Imachini yokulayisha Amathongwa Ngokwemiphakathi Ezingaphelile

Ukutholakala Ngokweqile Kwamathongwa Athintwayo

Iindlela ezenziwe ngokuphelelwa kufuneka usebenzise amashini okudonisa okwenza ngokuhlukileyo engenza ukuba akhulume nezimali nezimali ezincane. Kulesi sikhundla, izilayini ezinezinyawo ezinezinyathelo ezinhle ezifaka amandla kwezimali zomhlaba zenzakalweni zibaluleke kakhulu - zikhusele ukuba zilindele ngemali ngaphandle kokuthi zithinte umhlaba. I-IoT ye-portable environmental monitoring systems enekileyo yekhono lokuxhumana enziwe ngokuhlukileyo kwiindlela zokudonisa, ukwenza ukuba kube yimali yokuthembisa izindlela ngokuzenzakalelayo kusukela kwi-sensors zokugcina kanye ne-spraying yemali ngokuzenzakalela yenza ukuba kube yimali yokugcina ngama-45%. Le ngxenye yezokudla yenze ukuba kube yimali ukwenza izilayini zokudonisa ngokuzenzakalela kusukela kwiindlela zokugcina.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo zokuhlukunyelelwa zilandela:

• Izilayini zokugcina amandla ukuvikela ukungena kwezimali kwiindlela zokuxhuma
• Izilayini zokugcina amandla nezindlela zokugcina amandla ngama-30% ngokuvula okuningi kwezimali
• Izibhobho eziyigijima zokugcina amandla ezifaka amandla kwezimali ezinezinyathelo ezinhle ezifaka amandla kwezimali

Imibono engenayo yekhono lokusebenza ngokuphelelwa

Isicwangciso samanje lihambelana nezindlela ezimbili zokwenza izinhlobo eziyisela ukulinda kwezinhlobo ezingenakulinda. Isicwangciso: Ukubuya okude kwezinhlobo eziyisela ukulinda kwemanzini kwezimali eziyisela ukulinda kwezinhlobo ezingenakulinda futhi kubambele ukusebenza kwezimali ngama-12-18% kuzo zinhlobo ezingenakulinda. Izicwangciso zasekhasini zabelule ukuthi izindlela ezinde kune 2,5m zidinga ukulawulwa ngokusebenza kwezinhlobo (kepha izinhlobo eziyisela ukulinda, izigaba zokulinda ezivimbela ukulinda) ukuvikela imicawu ye-OSHA. Izindlela zokwenza izitayela ngokwezinhlobo zokugcina amanzi ezigcineni zezilwane ezingenakulinda ziyisela ukulinda zilungiselela ukuba kube 266% okuningi kokuhambo kwamanzi emanzini.

Izicwangciso esenza kakhulu:

• Ukusebenza kwezinhlayiya ngemva yokubuya kwezinhlobo eziyisela ukulinda kwezimali kuhamba ngama-22% ngokushesha kunezinye izinhlobo
• Imithwabo yokulinda izinhlobo ezingenakulinda kufanele iyiseleni imithwabo yokulinganisa (IMUs) ukulayisha izinhlayiya ngokuzenzekela lapho kunezindlela ezingenakulinda zokulinda amanzi emanzini
• Imisebenzi yobusuku ngokusebenzisa imivumelwano yokubona ngokwendawo yephakathi yasezulu yakhulisele ukusebenzisa amanzi ngo-35% ngokulinganisa nezindlela zokusebenza zomhlaba

Le ngxenzo ethuthelwe yedatha iyavuma ngokudingeka kohlukaniswa kwezilayishwa zomshini ngokusho kwezindlela zokuhluka kwemiklimi ngenkathi kubekwa kakhulu izinhlelo zokubonakala ngokushesha kwezinto zokuguqula lapho kuzozukisa izimo ezinhle.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini amadifferences amakhulu phakathi kwezindlela zokulayisha kanye nezindlela zokulayisha izindlela?

Izindlela ziyizinhloso ezikhulu ezingavali lapho kudingeka kubekwe amadivayisi amakhulu nezindlela eziningi, ngakolunye uhlangozweni izindlela ziphansi kanti zidinga ukucophelela noma izindlela ezihlanu kakhulu ukwenza amandla okugcina ngokukhulu.

Yini okuthiwa ngokwezulu kanye nezimo zomhlaba ziyathintela kanjani ukusebenza kwezinhlobo zokulayisha izindlela?

Izulu lezulu kanye nezinto eziphakeme zidinga amadivayisi ahlanganise nokuthi ayilaphe amandla kanye nokuthi aphumelele ubukhulu. Izimo eziphansi noma izulu elithile elithile kuyakhula ukwehla kwezinhlobo kanye nokusebenza kazo.

Kungani ukulayisha ngokuhambisana ne-GPS ikhona kakhulu kwezinhlobo zokulayisha izindlela?

Imigqamelo ye-GPS iyahumusha ubukhulu ngokunciphisa ukunqoqiswa kwezilawo futhi ikwakhiwe ngokuzijwayele kwezinye izindawo zomshineni, kuyanciphisa izindleko zokubuyekeza ngokwehlukahlukene.

Iziphi izinto okufanele kuzwa ngokuhlanganisa izindleko yokukhetha imachini yokulayisha izindle?

Cacisa izindleko ngokuphelele kwezifunguruthi, ukusebenza kwezinhlobo yokulinda, izindleko zokulungiswa, futhi ROI yezinto eziphambili ngokomoya ezifanayo nezimigqamelo ezigcwele ngokwe-GPS.