Ukubanga Imifanekiso Eningiwe: Indima Yezindlela Zokubhubeleka Ngokusebenza Kwamakhine

Ukugcina Kwokwenza Amadoni Angcono Nokuthuthukiswa Kwamadoni Amakhiwe Ngamakhine

Isithshintsho Sasegolweni Nokhungelewano Okuphakathi Kwamafloodi

Okwesikhatsi, amakhelwane angama-150 agqunyelwa ngemvula yezindlini ngaminyaka yonke, okungukodwa kungenye ye-34% ngaphansi kwalo kwezelelwe ku-2010 ngokwesemaphuphakathi eshicilelwe kuNature. Yeyiphi into esihlisa lokhu? Kulungile, kukhona amakhono amabili abangela le nto. Okokuqala, izindlini zethu zaziqiniselwa kwezinye izibhakabhaka zokulula zokugcwala zokwehliswa ngemva kwezinye izimo zokulula zokugcwala ezifundeni kule nyaka. Ngalesi sikhathi, abasebenzisi bahlala bakhipha amadoda nezindlu zokugcwala ngokweqile nezibhakabhaka ezingavumele ukulula kugcwala. Ngokubheke phezulu, abakhululekile bathi yeku-2040 amakhelwane amakhulu kancane kanye kwezinye izindlini kungase kungakwazi ukulawulisa ukulula kwezinyanga ngaphandle kokuqina komoya nezimpawu zokugcwala. I-Ponemon Institute ishiya lokhu kungakhiwa ukuba kuthinta izimali ezingu-740 ezingama-billions ngaminyaka yonke uma akukho mntchabo.

Kungani Izingxenye Zokugcwala Ezifundweni Zingasekeli kakhulu kumaphuphakathi wezinye izindawo

Izindlela zasekileyo zokuvulwa kwezimali zokuxhumana ezakhwe ngokwesibindi ngokusebenza ngokulawulwa kwezindlela ezingenakuthi zilandelane nokudinga kwezimali ngoku. Imvavanyo ikusho ukuthi izindlela zasekileyo zokuxhumana kwezimali zilahla izimali ngokuphelele kwe-22% xa kwezimali ziphume kakhulu, futhi ziphazimekisa izimu ngokushesha kangaka okuphakathi kwe-40% ngokulingana nezindlela ezinhle zokukhiqiza ngokwesicelo esitholwe kusuku laseConstruction Specifier lasekuleli. Kuzindawo ezikhathiniweyo kwezimali, izindlela zasekileyo ziphumelela lula xa zifakwe ngokuthula kwezimali ezingu-25-40% ngokukhulu ukukhanya kwasekuhlaleni. Izindlela ezingaphantsi kwezinhle zokuxhumana kwezimali zikhipha lezi zinkinga ngokuthi zinezimo ezingalingani nezindlela ezihle zokubekwa kuzo. Iindlela zokulungisa ziphansi kakhulu futhi, kungenxa yekhulu elilodwa elingaphansi kwezinga lokusebenza ngemva kwezingu-10.

Ukuthuthukisa Kwezindlela Zokuxhumana Kwezimali Ngokwenza Ngemashini Ukuvumela Ukucaciswa, Ukuphila Okude, Nokulawula Kwezimali Ngokuhambisana

Ukucaciswa Okuhle Ngokwenza Ngemashini Kwamadindlela Okuxhumana Nezimali

Imicabha eqhutywe ngemikhombandlela iyavulela kwi-GPS ukubhaleka kanye nezinhlelo zokucubungula zokuthiwa kuhambisane nezilinganiswano ngokuphezulu. Ngokwesicatshulwa sikaJadhav kanye neqembu lakhe ngo-2014, lokhu kunciphisa amaphoyinti okwenza amaphelile abantu akwenza xa baqala ukucubungula ngokuphezulu nge-90%. Isakhiwo se-U-shape singcono ukuthi kube yidingxungu kubo bonke amagama, okuthiwa ukuba umvane ubhane ngokushesha okufanele kubo bonke amasonto. Ngekuphela kwezicatshulwa zeminyaka engu-2022 ngokuthi yini umvane odala kumaqembu, kubonwe ukuthi iziliningo zasekile yezinkqubo zokwenza imicabha zibangela ukuthi kube yilowa kwezindleko kumaqembu angcono ngama-92%. Lokhu kusho kweqile into ebalulekile yokuba imicabha yasebenzisa udoti engakwazi ukugcina umvane ngokushesha njengoba kusebenza ngokwesikhathi.

Imicabha Yenziwe Ngendlela Yokuqala Ngokulandelana Nezinhlelo Zokwenza Ngemikhombandlela: Ukusebenza Kumaqembu Angcono Ukuba Ayizwa

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuxhasa izindlela zokulayishwa kwezimalo ezingaphezulu kuka-40% kunezinhlelo ezokweywa ngokulandela (Yao et al., 2012), lokhu kwenza yena okudingekayo ukuphatha izinto eziphakeme kakhulu ezisungulwe ngokushintshwa kwemali.

Ukulayisha Intsimbi Yamanzi NgeTikolo Lengxenye Yamanzi Esho Y-U

Izinhlobo zokulingana ziyenza 97% yezimalo zokulayishwa zingaphansi kwezindlela zasekhathe. Iindlela zokulayisha ngokuzenzekela zilondoloza uhlelo olulodwa olune-1:1.5 esikathini esingathathwa ngokweywa. Le ndlela ikhulisa amandla wokulayisha ngama-30% kunoma izinhlobo eziphethe eziyisikwe (Ghazaw 2011), ukuvulela kakhulu ukulayishwa kwehlanzina.

Isicatfo: Ukuguqula Imithuthuko eNtshonalanga ye-Asia

Isiject engu-2022 esebenzisa amakhulu amamakhi wezimali ezingaphezu kwe-50 km yeziphumela zamadoda kuyindlela yasepulindlela ukuba khona kwamavulekile ngama-78% ngezinyanga zokungcola. Ukulandelwa ngokwesicelo kwe-IoT kubonise isebenza, sibonisa ukuthi kuphela ama-0.2% okwehla kuma-engineering specs ngemva kama-18 okudlule. Izinsizakwana zokulula kwezimali zavulelwa ngama-90% kunazo ezinye izindawo eziphezu kwazo nezimali eziyindlela.

Ukusebenzela kwezokwelapha kwezikhumbuzo zezimali ezamakhiwe ngemikhumbi

Imithwalo yokudlala ngokwezimali Ukunciphisa Imikhawulo Yokuqonda

Lapho abasebenzi bakusebenzisa indawo yokuhamba kwezinyukela zokulula ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokudlala, amacala atholakala ngokuhamba kwezinyukela aphuma ngemigqa le mpumela ephakathi okuphakathi kwe-14 kuya kwe-22% ngokulinganisa nezimala edlalwe ngokulimi ngenkulumo yesicatshulwa eshicilelwe kwi-Research Research Resources kuleli yimbulo. I-Shape yaleli canals evelayo yindlela yokuthola ukunciphisa ukugcwala okuphumelela kwezinyukela, ngakho ke izinyukela zihamba ngazo ngokushesha kakhulu lapho kunezinyukela. Ukubheka iziphumo ezinto emjini wokusebenzisa isicatshulwa esenziwe ngokwe-2023 sibonisa ngqo ukuthi yini le nto ethathwayo. Ukudlala okugcinwe kwezinyukela kuhlale kuyi-97% yemiphumela ngokushesha ngaphandle kwezindlela eziphambene nazo ezifika kuphela kwe-78%. Le nto yindlela yokuthola ukuthi le nto ikhulu kangakanani xa kusekelwa ukuthi yini imigomo yokwenza izinfrastrakti nezinto okuzenzakalelayo ukuthi kwezinyukela zokulula zokulila.

Ukuphakama Kwesitambu & Ukulungisa Ukuncipha Ngokusebenzisa Izindlela Ezijwayelekile

Xa ukufaka amadilinga endaweni yokulawula ukuphwezwa njengebhonkolo leconcrete elihlelekile ngemipolomela noma imimbrani ye-HDPE, izindlela zokusebenza kumakina kunciphisa ukuphumelela kwezindebe ngokuphelele kweqoqa. Ngokwesicatshulwa esikhokhelwe kuleli ndlela yekhowudi yemvula yaseNingizimu Afrika, amacanal ehlakene ngokuphelele kwezikhathi ezingu-85% ngokuphansi kwezindlebe ezingaphansi kwezikhathi ezingu-10 kuzindawo ezihlambedwa ngemvula. Iindlela zokudizaina zifana nalo, ukuxhunyaniswa kwezinyawo ngokuxhunyeke nezindlela zokukhokha kakhulu kuzindlebe kuthintela ngokuphelela ukuphwezwa kwezindlebe. Lokhu kusebenza ngokukhulu kuzindlebe eziphelela kwezibini ngokuphelele kwe-1:1.5 apho izakhiwo ezidlulwe ngokwehandli kuziphela ngemva kwezikhathi ezintathu zokuphumeza ngokukhulu. Abasebenzi bokudizaina bethola ukuthi lezi zindlela zokusebenza kumakina kusebenza ngokuphelele kuzindlela eziningi kuzindawo eziphakeme.

Imiphumela yokuhlela ngokudala amacanal amaningi

Ukubangela okuhlangene kwezimalo kwenza indawo engenayo yokuba yisimo sokwenza amaphoyisa, ukunciphisa izidingo zokulungiswa nge 60–75% (Isifundo se-2020 sobuchwephesha). Izibini eziyilinganayo zinakekela futhi ukuthi IoT sensors zibambekane ngokuvumelana nokuhlinzwa kwezimalo, ukunyakula okuphileni ngaphezulu kwe-50 lapho kungu-89% lapho kuhlinyelwe.

Ukuthi Intombazane nezindlela zokubekwa kwezimalo ukulawula imbila ngokugcwele

Ukubeka Okuhlelelwe nezindawo zokugcina ngaphakathi kwezindawo zemigwa

Izindawo eziphulwa ngomshini zenza ukuthi kuvumelekile ukuthumela kwezindawo zokugcina nezindlela eziphezulu kakhulu njengoba zinezime kanjani futhi zisebenzela kahle nezinhlelo zemvula evela khona. Uma siyifaka lezi zindawo zokugcina amanzi ngalungu kanye kanye 15 kuya 25% esistemeni samanzi, izifundo ezavela kusuku lwezimvubu 2023 lizophakathi lobufakazi bokuthi le nsindano yenza ukuthi amanzi athathwe ngokuphezulu kakhulu ngama-40% panoma kungcono. Uma sibheka izinombolo kungcono kungcono. Izimodeli zomshini zibonisa ukuthi uma siyifaka lezi zindawo zokugcina ngaphakathi kwezingu 500 metri ngaphambi kwemigwa ebalulekile yokusebenza yezindawo, kungcono ukuthi kuthintana nezindlela zokulula amanzi ezinhlelweni zezulu ezibalulekile.

Ukuxhumiwa Kwamadoda Wezindawo Zokulula Amanzi Nenqubomkqwatha Yezindawo Eziphathelene Nezimvubu

Izindlela zokuhlela ukuphathwa kwezibane ezingcono kuzo kuzohlala zisebenzisa i-GIS mapping technology ukwakhiphana izindaweni zokukhipha nezindlela zokukhipha zasemlweni. Sebenzisa i-Asia yeNtshonalanga ngo-2023 njengombane lapho le tekniki yakhula ukuphatswa komhlaba ngenkimbini kwezibiyeli futhi yakhokhe ukugcina kwezimali ezibekeni ngokuphelele kwezibiyeli. Okungapheli lapho, le ndawo ezakhiwe khona yakhokhe ukushiphiswa kwezimali ezingeni eliphezulu ngama-20% ngokusheshayo kukuqondisa izindlela zokukhipha. Lokhu kubaluleke kanti kubangela ukuthi sifinyelele kuleli qoqo le-UN esihlanganisiwe nezindlela ezingcono, ngokukodwa inombolo 11. Izinhlelo ezakhiwe ngale ndlela zingasebenzela ukuthi kuzozama ukuthi kungaba yisibane esingaba yisibane esingaba yisibane esingaba sikhatsi eside, okuyindlela elula lapho sikhumbuza ukuthi kungakanani ukuthi kungaba yisibane esingaba yisibane esingaba sikhatsi eside.

Izibonelo ezingcono: Ukulandwa Okuhleli nezinhlobo eziphambene nezindlela zokukhipha izindawo zokukhipha

Ukuphansi Okusheshayo ngokusebenzisa i-IoT Sensors ezingeni elingenhla lapho kuzokhiphwa

Izinhloso ezixhunywe kwiIoT (Internet of Things) zikhona ngaphakathi kwezimala ezingenye zokubhengwa ngemikhombandlela futhi zilondoloza izindleko zomoya, ukukhula komoya, futhi ukuthi izidonga zomalala ziyahlala. Ukuhlola kohlelo lwamakhanti wasekabeni lwezimala lezokubhengwa kubonile ukuthi le misebenzi yezinhloso iyahlula amathemu ekupheleni kwezifloods ngeke kakhulu 40% ngokulingana noqobo lapho abantu kufanele bakhiphe ngokwabo. Xa kukhona into engalungileyo, uhlelo luyithumela ngokuzenzekela izilarmu ukuze amakhiya okulungisa ayofikelela khona b4 kuthathwa yinto enqatko yezokubhengwa kuzindleko zemizuzwana.

Izinzwa Ezintsha Nezimaliweyo kwi-U Shape Ditch Lining Machines

Ukuphathwa okusha kakhulu kuteknoloji yobhobhoto kunye neembono kwiindlela ezinjengematerials yepolimeri kuthiwa kunezinyathelo ezininzi ngokusemva koxhumo. Iindlela ezintsha zokulayisha iindlela enjengokweqaga lombane ukusebenzisa lawa materials kwiindlela ezininzi, okukunceda umoya ukudlula ngaphandle kokwenza iingxaki ezingekayo. Iindlela enjengezinye zokulayisha ezingezokuba zilungiselelwe kwaye zenziwe ngeplastiki ephethwayo kubonisiwe ukuba kunezinyathelo ezingama-15 ukuya kuma-20 ngokupheleleyo, ngelixa zinceda ukunceda izindleko zokulungisa ngokupheleleyo kwaye zingamaqela amathathu ngokusemva kwinqaku le-UNESCO loso 2025. Abakhankatha abaningi abakhulu baqala ukusebenzisa iisistimu ze-AI ukulungisa ubuninzi bokuphatha kuzo zonke iindlela zokwenza, ngakumbi xa kusebenziwa kwiiprojekthi eziphezulu zokubangela apho ukulingana kuyahlukile.

Iindlela zokulandela nokwamkela kwiindlela ezinokulingana kwiingxenye zezibuko

Iqhuma lezibuko ezingeneyo lizophakathiwa ukuba lizophutha 20-30% ngaye 2050, kuvumela ukuguqula kwemigomo yezokwelapha. Ngaphezulu kwezibuko ezineshumi amathathu ayisikhombisa ukuthi zidinga ukuthi izindlela zokulandelana nezindlela zokukhishwa kwezibuko kuzindawo zokuphepha ezinekona eliphezulu. Le migomo iyavumela nezimigomo zokuzadza zaseNingizimu yeNkantolo yeNkululeko ngokuthi izindlela zokukhishwa zenziwe ngokuvikela ukuthi zingasebenzi nezinye izizwe, kuvumela ukuthi kutholwe izinhlobo ezifanayo ezivumela ukuthi kubekwe kakhulu nokuxhumana nezinye izizwe.

Isikhombisi Sokuqala

Yiziphi izindlela zokukhishwa zenziwe ngamashini?

Izindlela zokukhishwa zenziwe ngamashini ziyizindlela zokulandelana ezinzinye zokukhishwa ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokusebenzisa amashini, okunika ukucubungula nokuthi kudingeka kuhlanganise, futhi ngisho ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yeGPS ukuthola ukucubungula nokuthi kuhlanganise ngokungcono.

Yini le ndlela teknoloji ikhasa kwehlanzeko nemigomo yesindlela zokukhishwa zenziwe ngamashini?

Izindlela zokukhishwa zenziwe ngamashini ziyinkimbinkimbi kuzindlela zokukhishwa ezinzinye zokukhishwa ngendlela yokukhishwa, izindleko zokulungisa, ukukhishwa kwezibuko, ukutholwa kwezibuko, futhi ukude baleke.

Teknoloji ikhasa yini indlela yokusebenza kwezindlela zokukhishwa zenziwe ngamashini?

Ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji, ibandakanya i-GPS nezinhlelo zokuhlanganisa i-IoT, kwenza umsebenzi omkhulu kwekuhlelwa nokuhlinzwa kwamakhulu akhwezwe ngemashini, ukuvula ubunzima nokunikeza imininingwane ngokushesha okulungileyo ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukuphela kwamanzi.

Yini na amakhulu akhwezwe ngemashini ayenza ukuze kuthinte ukungena kwamanzi?

Amakhulu akhwezwe ngemashini ayenza ukuze kuthinte ukungena kwamanzi ngokuthiwa kwenziwe ngokuhle, okwenza ukuba kube lula ukulaywa kwamanzi nokukhanyisa okulungileyo, ukwenza kube yimali yokuthintela ukuphela kwamanzi okukhulu.