Kusuka kumagunywa kumaqashi: Ubunzima beemipakathi yezikhalo zomphakathi

Indima eyisiseko ye Imithombo Yemisebenzi Eminye Yomshayalo ekugcineni kwizinfandimnyango

Kuthanda kakhulu ukufuna izisombululo ezifakelwa ngokusebenza kweconcrete

Ngenkathi izindodana zikhula kanye nezimboni ezigcinwe kakhulu emahora, kukhona uhlelo olwanda lokuthi kudingeka amashini okulayisha ayakhiwa ngendlela efakelwa ngokuphelele ukusebenza konke okubhekene nokulayisha. Okwamanje abasebenzisi benginawo ububi bezindleko ukuthi bafuna amashini afunda ngempela kumisebenzi yomthambo njengoba kuyinto yokufaka imithambo noma ukukhiqiza umgodi, ngaphandle kokudinga ukuguquguquka kakhulu kwizilungiso. Ukuthi kuyathandabuzeka kakhulu xa kusebenziswa emadodaneni angcono apho isikhala sikhona ngokuphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhulumo zezinfrastructure zikhulula ziyaguqula, ngakho ke amagunya kudinga ukuthatha isikhathi esifushane ukuze asimise amathuba mayelana nomkhawulo wemigodi noma indlela lezimali ekugcineni kumgodi. Ishine elikwazi ukusebenzisa lezinguqu nguququko kuqhubeka kususa ixesha nezemali emehlweni yempilo.

Ukuthi Ukudizaina Olunegunya Kuchaza Kanjani Ukwahluleka Kwesimbo

Izimboni zokudonsa ezenza izinkundla eziningi ngonye usuku zaziphindezela izindawo zokodwa. Lezi zimboni zihlala zidonsa, zivakasha, nezifinyelela konke ngendlela eyodwa kumgwa, futhi zilahlaza ixesha elingavukelekanga kwizixhobo—ezinye iingceme zithi njengoko-kekhalu. Ukuhlukanika kwezinhlelo kusho ukuthi abasebenzi bangashintsha iziqhamo zokwenza iziseko ezahlukene njengezokwakha izimu, ukufaka izigaba, noma ukudala izihlandlo ezithile. Okwenzekayo ngomso waseSonto kungenzekwa ngemini engu-2 uma abasebenzi bafuna ukulungiselela iziseko zabo ngokushesha. Nangona kunjalo, ngezixhobo zokulinganisa ezifakelweyo ezilondoloza konke kusukaphambi komgwa wamanzi kuya kumahluko wokuvibrata, lezi zimboni zihlale zishintsha izikhathi zazo ngokulinganisa nokubona emhlabeni. Lokhu kusiza ekulondolozeni imali ngokuhlala kusebenzisa amanzi angcono futhi ukuzivikela ukuba kuyisisekelo esinengqondo emva kwalokho.

Isibonelo: Ubunzima Bwegudu LaseNtabamhlophe Ngomkhumbi Oyodwa

Ukuphakama kwegolide enezindlu ezisixhenxe eThongolo kusengaphambili kwasebenzisa okunye umshinelana wesilipphofomu ongcono wokwenza izindlebe, ukukhiqiza isihlaba senhliziyo, futhi wakha lezi ziphazamiso ezidingekayo zabadlali ngokufanayo. Ukususa iintombi ezithile ezikhethekileyo yenza ukuthatha izindleko ngama-22 iphasenthi ngokujwayelekile kodwa sithembeka kuzima izilingo zenhliziyo ezihlelekile ezenziwe ngabalingeli basekuhlandleni. Indlela yonke yasebenzisa kakhulu izistimu ezivikelekileyo ze-GPS ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi konke kuyalinda ngaphezu kwalapha nge-4 milimita kuphela. Leli qondiso alilokuthanda kuphela teknically kodwa wayenconywa futhi ekwenzeleni izimo zokungena, ukuqinisekisa abasebenzisa amabhagala angafihlele ngazo zonke lezi zikhathi ezinezimbi ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa.

Izisebenzo Ezibalulekile: Izibamba ze-Slipform kuZindlebe nezihlaba

Izisebenzo Ezijwayelekile ze-Slipform Pavers kuZindlebe nezihlaba kumzekelo weGolide

Lemashini lezi khusela emaphrojekthi wendlela enzululwini lidinga ukubeka konkrethi ngokuphambene kwezindlu, izikhala, nezimpawu zokuphepha. Indlela yabo yokusebenza engaluthi ibe yimitholampilo ibenza kube yimfihlelo yokudweba okungaphezu kwamathuba amathathu ngeminithi ngaphandle kwezimotholi eziphakeme. Emahlathini amade, izinxenye ezifanayo zezibalo zikhipha izindleko zomthelela nge-12–18% kunzima yokusebenzisa izindlela eziphucukileyo (Incamango Yezinhlelo Zokudweba Konkrethi 2024).

Izintelo Ngaphezu Kwizindlela Eziphucukileyo Zokuthatha Ifomu

• Ukusebenza kahle : Ikhupha umsebenzi wabantu ngama-65% ngokuzenzekelayo kokunquma nokugcina.
• Ubungakhiwo : Iyilungiselela kwiwiyide ethintekayo (150–900mm) nehhayi (200–1,200mm) ngaphandle kokumisa imisebenzi.
• Ukushintsha Amali : Isusa ukumisa nokususa ifomu, ikhupha izikhathi zeprojekthi nge-30% ngokumelene.

Ubusizo Bwedatha: Izilinganiso Ezingu-40% Ngokushesha Kwezinsuku Zokufaka Kwizimpawu

Izinhini zokufakelwa ngendlela ephambili zinakekela izikhathi ze-tsikili ngaphezu kuka-40% ngaphambi kwezinhini zokwakha izimpandula. Inkontrola yobude bungenqanawa ibe yisilinganiso phansi kuka-3mm, leyo ebekiwa ngexesha eliqhubekayo, ibezisa ukusebenzisa kabusha oku-22%—okubaluleke kakhulu kumathilini amandla adliweyo nezimpandula ezithintwayo ngokuchasene.

Ukuthuthukwa Kweteknoloji Kuthuthukisa Ukwahlulwa Kakhulu Nenxibelelaniso

Iingcindezi ZoHlelo Lwe-GPS NeNkontrola Yobude Ngexesha Eliqhubekayo Ukunciphisa Okungcono

Izinhini zasekuhlengaleni zifinyelela ubume bomlinganiso wama-±3mm zisebenzisa iingcindezi ezigcweleyo ze-GPS ezingavamisa indlela yokuhlenga ngokuchanekileyo. Inkontrola yobude ngexesha eliqhubekayo inquma imfundiso yabantu, ibe yenza ukuba kube 50% okusebenzisa kabusha kumzekelo wempandula (Inyanya Yomlando Wemithetho, 2022). Le ngxinzezo zihlala zilungiselela izilinganiso zezimo, zihlinzela isilinganiso sesilinda nesilinganiso sikaqhanga, nokuba zingaba ziphi na izigaba.

Iingcindezi Ezintliziyo Kunye NeDizayini EThambileyo KwiZinhini Zokufaka Ngendlela Ephambili

Izixhobo zokugcina ngobuchwepheshe zivumela izikhululo ukulungiselela ubungakanani bokunyuswa kwekholonti, ubungako bezingcingo, nokugcinwa komthwalo. Umphakathi ohlukile wunciphisa ixesha lokulungiswa kabusha ngama-30%, kuvumela utshintsho olukhawuleza phakathi kwezigaba, izibhambo, nezixhobo zokuhlola (2023 Inxwelo ye-Automation yokuDala). Le mikhono ihambelana kakhulu nemithombo yezininzi apho imisebenzi iqhubeka ngokutshintsha phakathi kwezibhambo nezibhambo zabadli.

Ukuzenzekaliswa kumsebenzi othandabuzwayo: Ukulungana kwezinto ezintsha nemiqondo yomsebenzi

Nangona ukuzenzekaliswa kunciphisa impazamo yabantu ngama-45% emisebenzini ephindaphindwayo (Umsebenzi weZixhobo, 2024), izikhululo ezithandabuzekayo zihlale zibaluleke kakhulu ekulungiseni nokuxhasa iingcinga. Abathengi abahambelayo baphatha izinqumo ezinezinyathelo zenzakalo ngemigudu yokufundisa, ukuze baziphande izigulane ukuba zisebenzise ngokupheleleyo izixhobo ngelishwa lokuquka umdla wokwenza.

Ukuthintela ukulinganiselwa okuchanekileyo kwi ±3mm emzekweni embalulekileyo

Ukuba kugcinenwe ubuncane be-±3mm kubalashi bezimali nezigaba ezihlalemayo ezingenamandla, kudingeka. Izimakhina ezininzi zihlanganisa ukusungulwa ngolaseri nokulawula kwezimali nge-hydraulic ukuze kugcinwe lokhu kumelele kude kumgwa wokuphakela. Ngalesi sikhathi, izilungiso emva kokuphakela kuyiphindaphini eli-60% kunazo ezijwayelekileyo—ikwesithembu esinconyiwe kakhulu xa kusebenziswa ikonkreti eqashelwe kopolomaya enobuthile obuchangayo ngokwesithombi.

Izinhlelo ezifakazelayo Ngokwesimo Sezinkinga

Izinhlayiya zokudonsa ezininzi kusasa zifana nezinhlayiya ezimashumi amahlanu: ukulungisa izindlebe, izilongo, isikhundla esiphazanywayo, isikhundla esingezansi, nezinhlayiya ezingumjeba noma zokulungisa. Lezi zinhlayiya ezahlukene zihandlela izisebenzi ezithile emkhakheni. Uhlelo lwesilongo lusebenza kahle ekwenzeni izibhedele zomndeni, ngelengele uhlelo lwesikhundla esingezansi lubalulekile uma kudingeka sikhuthaze izindawo ezincane phakathi kwezindlebe. Kunye, ungavaleki uhlelo lwesikhundla esiphazanywayo okuhandlela izisankolo nezigaba ezilandelanayo eziphazanywayo ezibalulekile emadulwini. Okukhomba kakhulu kulezi zinhlayiya kukuthi kuthula umthembiso wokuthenga iyunithi eyodwa engenazo zonke izinketho. Abasebenzi bangalima phakathi kwe-20 kuya ku-35 iphesenti kumali wezinhlayiya ngokwembono yobuchwepheshe base Construction Innovation Institute ngo-2023.

Ukudonsa Kwesikhundla Esiphazanywayo Nasesikhundla Esingezansi KwiJometri Yomndeni Ophuculo

Izimodi zokulungisa zihandlela izandla ezingahlukene njengezandla eziqukethe kanye nezindiza ezingavamile. Iziphutha ezifakelwe zivalela amaphutha adlula kuya ku-1.2m ububanzi ngomiswakuso wokuphakama ±4mm, ekusizeni ekugcineni amahhala. Abasebenzi bakhomba ukuthi kube yizilingo ezimbalwa ngokushesha ngenxa yokulungiswa kwabubanzi ngokusheshayo kunalokho okusebenziswayo.

Izixhobo zokubeka kanye Nezibophezelo Ngokunikela Isandla Esiphathelene

Izigigaba ezifakwe ziyisebenzisa izandla zokuphazanyiswa ngexesha elilodwa phakathi kuka-15–20m/min xa kuvalekwa. Izicelo ezithunyelwayo zikhubaza ukungena kwamanzi ngama-92% (Umphakathi Wokulinganisa Kwamanzi 2023), okusinceda ekukhuliseni ubunzima. Le ndlela ethunyelwe iyisusa umsebenzi womsebenzi—okokuqala kufuneka isikhathi esine-8 eyenzelwa ngabantu manje sisetshenziswa ngoyikelelo kuphela.

Umbiko Womakhini Otholakala Ngokuchitheka Kuzo Zonke Izindawo

Abakhi bezihlengahlenga basebenzisa uhlelo olutholakele insimbi ngokwizinhlelo zokulungiselela okukhathalekile. Izihlengahlenga ezinokushintjwa, iindleko zokwenza amandla, nezixhobo zokubophezela zivumela ukuba kube khona isiphazamiso sezingxenye ngama-78% phakathi kwezihlengahlenga, izibhambo, nezibhambo zokulahla. Uguquko kwindawo kuthatha ngaphantsi kweesha eziine—ngaphezulu kwizikhathi eziyishumi elinesibhozo kunokuthi kuthathelwe izihlengahlenga ezithile.

Izindlela Ezilandelwayo: Ukulayisha Okuqhubekayo Kwezifundo Zimbili Nokugcina Kwemvula

Ukuthini Ukulayisha Okuqhubekayo Kwezifundo Zimbili Kuhlela Inhloso Yomlando

Indlela yokufaka ibhloko ezimbili ngendlela epholileyo iyenziwa ngokufaka izikhamu zeconcrete evela emva kenyama ngaphambi kwezokugcina kwesikhathi. Le ndlela isusa lezi ziqiniso ezihluphekayo futhi ikhula into eyodwa efakelwe kangcono engakhulisa ubukhulu ngama-28% kunazo zonke izinyathelo ezifakelwayo ngezinyathelo, ngokubanga kukaACI ngo-2023. Kungani le thekini ikhona indlela? Izikhathi zihlukaniswa kahle futhi kunezinkinga ezincane ezingaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kusho ukuthi izindawo zizoveza ngeminyaka engaphezu. Lokhu kubaluleka kakhulu xa kuyakhiwa izindlebe ezilandelayo ne-ADA apho ubuchwepheshe buhlala, noma ukudala izigaba ezidinga ukuzivikela kumshimba. Ingezo eyengeziwa ivelwa kumthelela ohlangothini. Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni okucindezelwe yithemi 'differential shrinkage', okubangela kabanzi ama-34% wokuphazamiseka kwamacebha esidumini ethu manje.

Ukusebenzisa Emhlabeni: Ukufaka Curb NeGutter Ngokuxhasa

Izinhlelo ezide emva kungenhla zakhula izindlebe nezigubhu ngokuphambene okuqukethwe, zifakela ukulandelana okungaphezu kuka-±2mm ngeqoqo le-GPS ngexesha eliqondile. Umdlalo waseTexas we-2024 wqedela mil 1.2 yesigubhu-sizindlebe ngasinye isikhathi—40% ngokukhanya kunemithodi ephambene. Ukunyuswa okuchanekile kwakwethulela ekunciphiseni kwebhontsheli ngama-18%.

Ukuthuthukisa Kukho: Ukunciphisa Isikhathi Sekuqeda Nenhlawulo Yomsebenzi

Iziphatha ezihlanganisiweyo zenzela ubunzima obufana nobunzima bokuqeda ngamashumi amahlanu amane eminyakeni, bekungaba yisikhathi esifanayo ngaphandle kohlatyulwa olwabelana ngamashumi amabili amathathu % wesikhathi sesiprojekthi. Ivinilinda ezikhethekileyo zolawula ukulayisha nokugcina, zicinisa inhlawulo yabantu abasebenzayo ngabantathu ngamandla.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungani Imithombo Yemisebenzi Eminye Yomshayalo?

Indlu yokwenza izinto eziningi ye-slipform iyindlu enobumnandi yomsebenzi wokwakha engakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukene yokulayisha i-concrete, njengekusebenzisa izindlebe, ukufaka izimboni, nokulayisha umgodi, ngokutshintsha okuncane kumkonco.

Kanjani izimboni ze-slipform zakhuthaza ukusebenza kwesiprojekthi?

Lemizini elimela izigaba zokusebenza ngokuphatha ukulanda, ukweba, nokugcina ngokuyintathu, ihlukile kumehluko yendawo ngexesha elithile ukuze ibe yinto enzima ukuba ikhokele imvelaphi futhi yenza ukuba kube nzima ukubuyala.

Kutheni okungcono kokusetshenziswa kwemizini yokweba ngaphezu kwezindlela ezibalulekileyo zokweba?

Imizini yokweba iyabelana ngefayinti enkulu, inokulungiseka kubukhwidthi nobude obuhluke ngaphandle kokumisa umsebenzi, futhi isusa ukuseta kanye nokususa kwamakholo, sibonelela ixesha futhi sengcisele amandla.

Uyini indlela emizini yesimanje yokweba ethola ubuncane buhle?

Iinkqubo ezihambisanayo ne-GPS nezimiso zexesha elithile zinikeza amandla awebayo ukugcina ubuncane bempahla, zilungiselela ukubuyisela kwaye ziqinisekise ukuthi izindlebe nezihlangothi ziquka ngokulinganayo.

Kutheni okuthuthwa kuyizinto ephucula ubuncane bempahla yokweba?

Iziphi iziphuqu zokwenziwa njengezimiso ezinhle, uhlelo olwahlukile, nezinkqubo ezihambisanayo ne-GPS ephucula ubuncane nolwahluko lompahla wokweba?