Iimehluko yamandla: Indlela ethile yethu yokuvulwa kuzizikhundla ezahlukileyo

Ukuhlola Imithwalo yeGeotechnical kanye nezimo zomhlaba ephakathi kwezindlela zokusebenzisa i-Machine yokulayisha iDitch ephiwe ngokweqileyo

Impact of Unpredictable Subsurface Conditions on Foundation Design

Ukuhlala kwezokuhlela kuyisisekelo esikhulu kakhulu ngokuzwa kwezimo zomhlaba ezingavumelekileyo, njengoba izindlela ezingavumelekileyo noma izinhlobo zemvula ezingavumelekileyo zingaba yindlela yokuthiwa kwezindlela ezingavumelekileyo. Isibonelo, izindlela zokubhaliya nezindlela zokunqanawa kungaba kungenxa yokuthiwa kwebhuricha ngama-40%, kudinga ukuvulelwa kwezinye izisombululo zokuvikela ukungena kwezokuhlela.

Izokuhlela zasekhaya nezinyathelo zeGeotechnical ukuze kuthathwe isiqinisekiso esiphezulu

Ukuphuhlisa izindawo ngokugcwele—usebenzisa ukugubhuwa kwebhole, ukuphahlwa ngokuphakama kwekona, nokuphathwa kwegesi kuyindlela yokuthola ukuchithwa njenge-liquefaction noma izitshelo eziphansiwe. Izinhloso zokuthi kuthuthukwe imodeli yebhulokhi yekhulu yekhulu liyakunciphisa izindleko ngama-22% ngokuthola izindawo ezingaphansi kusuku lwokuqala.

Ukusebenzela nezitshelo ezingaphansi noma ezingavumelekile kuzinhloso ezinhleleni zokulawulwa

Ezindlini zokuphansi nezindawo eziphansiwe, izitshelo ezingaphansi zidinga ukulungiswa ngokuchitha njenge:

• Ukuchitha kwezitshelo ngosilika ukuvutha ukuphakama kwegesi
• Izilayisi ezivertikali ukugcina ngokushesha
• Ukugcina kwegesi ukuvutha ukushisa ngokuphakathi

Lezi zindlela ziyakuvutha ukusebenza kwezinhloso ezinhleleni zokulawulwa njengezibhridji nezidami.

Ukuthakatha kwezinhloso zokulawulwa kwekhulu kuzinhloso zokuthi kuthuthukwe imodeli yebhulokhi yekhulu

Ukusebenzisa ukungena kwezimu, amandla okulondoloza, nokudatha kwamanzi aphakathi ngemva yokudizajana yekhono kunciphisa izikhathi zokubuyekeza. Isifano sabuku 2023 sabonile ukuthi izithiwele zokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokudatha ezihlanganisiwe zivele 30% okokuvunyelwa ngokushesha ngokuhlanganisa izinkoronti zokuvumela nezimo ezithile zasezansi.

Ukuphatha i-Manzi Eziphakathi ne-Erosion nge-Machine YokuLayisha i-Ditch ephormeniwe U

Izindlela Zokuphatha i-Manzi Eziphakathi kuzikhawulwa nezindawo eziphakathi kwezansi

Xa kusebenzela nezindlela ezithile kumaqo kanye nezindaweni eziphahla kakhulu, ukukhusha amanzi aqhudeni ukuba asuke esibhayeni kuyakwenzeka kakhulu ukulawulwa kwezakhiwo. Isithuthi se Ditch Lining Machine esivalethwe ngokweqile sisebenza ngokweqile ngokulayisha le mibrane ye HDPE eziphume amanzi. Le mibrane yenza amaseleli angaphansi okukhanya amadoti ukuba ayihlabe. Isithuba esisha kwezinfrastrakti zamaqo esikhundla 2023 sibonise ukuthi xa kusebenzisa lezi sistimu ezinemifanekiso esikhulu esikhulu, kukhona ukwehla ngama 45% kumanzi okungena kudoti. Lokhu kwenza uhlu olukhulu kuzo zindaweni apho idoti yayilungile kanye nezimalwa.

Ukuthi yini i U Shape Ditch Lining Machine iyakhiqiza ukuphephile kwezimbiza kanye nokukhokha ukulwa kwezindaweni

Ngemva kwesicathami esabelwe ngo-2022 yasePonemon Institute, ukungcola kwezindawo kwenza ukuba izinkampani zokudla zikhokelela izinkalo ezingama-740 million ngamunye ngaminyaka nje ukulungisa izindlela. Lo nqubo entsha iyadonsela ukungcola ngokuthi kuthiwa lezi zinto eziqeshiweyo ezincane kakhulu ngaphakathi kwesilwane lapho kuzodlala kahle noma kuzo zindawo eziphansiwe. Lezi zinto ngempela zinemose kakhulu kakhulu kumaqo amaningi athiwa yadonsa lapho izinto ziphazamisa kuzindawo eziphansiwe. Okwenza lo technology kungcono kakhulu ukuthi kudinga kuzo zindawo ezifuma kude kuma-45 degrees, lokho kungenxa yokuqondisa ukuthi abasebenzisa nazo nazo zindlela, kanti nazo ezindaweni zokulandela nezindaweni zokulandela ukuphelelwa kwezimali ezifanayo. Ngokuvumelana nesicathami esithi Mississippi lapho kunesicathama esithi levee system. Ngemva kokuqinsta lo nqubo entsha yokuqoqa, abakhankatha bethole ukuthi izindleko zokulungisa ziphezulu kakhulu ngama-70% ngemva kweminyaka embili.

Ukwenziwa ngokuzuzwe kwezinyathelo kanye nokwenza izinkulumo kwezifanekiso ngokudala izindlela zokulayisha izindlela ezifanayo ne-Machine

Kunesikhathi esikhulu kokuqondisa izinto ngokushesha ngokuguqula izimo. Le-Machine yokulayisha izindlela efanayo ne-U Shape iyafakwa ngamaphrojekthi we-IoT abalulekileyo abalibalela izinto ezithile njengobukhulu bekhetshe, ukuba kukhona amanzi kanye nezindlela zokuluka ngokwesikhathi. Lezi zenzakaleli zashintsha indlela elayishwa ngayo kanye nezinkulumo ngaphandle kokodwa ukulwa kwekhandlula. Kudingekile kakhulu lapho kusebenza ekuhlakweni kwezindlela ezimweni zokuthi amaqimu angashintshanga ngokungafani. Kunesicelo esithile e-California esikhathini sika-2024 abasebenzi bakwesekile ukuba kusebenzela ngama-30% ngokushesha ngokudla ngokushintshwa ngokuzuzwe. Kungenzeka ngokwethemba ukuthola isikhathi esisha kanye nokunceda kwezimali ebe yisikhathi eside.

Isicelo: Ukusebenzisa i-Machine yokulayisha izindlela efanayo ne-U Shape ekuhlakweni kwezindlela ezimweni kanye nezindaweni ezinemoya

Ukuphuthwa kwekhaya le 2023 eJapan kufunyenwe yindlela ebonisa ukungcola nokweywa kwegesi. Abasebenzisi bexhumene ne-Machine Yekhona Lining U-Shape ukulungisa imilwe engu-8 yemilwe ephakeme, ekwenza:

• isim снижение kwekudla ngemva kokuphutha kungu-12 iminyaka
• 40% ngokushesha ukusetha ngokusebenzisa imithodi yesikhala
• Ayikho imigqa engavamileyo ngemva kokuba ingesikhala yabantu 6.1

Lokhu kubonisa indlela eyisebenzisa imachini ukuthi kuthunyelwe ukungcola nokweywa kwegesi, kubeka isibonelo esikhulu sekhatholo le-infrastructure esenokwenzeka.

Ukudizayina Izinga Lokungcola eziphakeme nezindawo ezingaphela kakhulu

Ukungcola kwegesi nokwenzeko kwayo kugeza kuzindlela zokudizayina

Izifundo kuqala ukubonisa ukuthi izindawo eziphakeme kwezinko ezifisayo kuzoze kube neempilo eziphakathi kwezindlela zokulwa ngokuphakathi noma ngaphezulu kwezinye izindawo lapho umhlaba uphumelele. Izinhlangano naseMileni ya Yilmaz nezakamfundisa wabo ngo-2021 babheka eThekeyi ngokukhawuleza. Xa babheka amaphrojekthi wokubangela ayihlanu kanye nezingxenye ezahlukene, babonile okuthile okuthakazelisa ngokuhamba kwemhlaba lapho kuzozwa. Imhlaba eshakisha lapho kuzozwa kungaba yindlela yokwanda kwezimpilo kubantu, ngokuvamile kwehlukaniswa phakathi kwe-22 kuya kwe-35%. Loku kungaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Namuhla abasebenzi bokubangela bafunda ngempumelelo kolu daba. Babasebenzisa izindlela ezinhle ukubala ukuthini kwezindibukodwa ezingena kumhlaba phezulu. Loku kusiza ukuthola izindawo eziphakeme kusuku olulodwa bese kubangela izindlela zokulwa noma kubekisa izisiteme zokulwa ezinhle ezisiza ukulwa kwezakhiwo lapho kuzozwa.

Ukufaka i-Safety Seismic kumachiza Amakhiqizo Wesibonelo

Kuzonaphakathi ezibangelweni, abasebenzisi obugogo bokuxhumana nezindlela ezintathu zokulungisa ukukhuphuka kwezulu:

1. Izixhobo zokulahla amandla : Lula ukuphazamisa kwezulu nge-60—80% kuzo zonke izulu ezingama-7+
2. Izinhloso zokuxhumana nezindlela : Thola ukuguqulwa kwehlangothi kwe-15—25 cm
3. Izinhloso zokukhipha amadoda : Ihlobene nezinhloso zokulayisha izindleke zemfambo yokuqala ukuvikela ukuthuthwa ngemva kwezulu

Izivivinyo ngemva kwezulu ezingaphansi kwemhlabunyanga esine besebenzisa lezi zindlela zilahla izindleko zokulungiswa nge-30—50% ngaphansi kwezinhloso eziphambene.

Ukujengeka kwezulu: Ukuphila ngokudala kwezinto kuzo zonke izimo ezingavumelekile

Izinhloso zokulayishwa kwehlangothi kufanele zilindele ukuthuthwa kwezinto ezingavumelekile, okwengeziwe:

• Izinguquko zokulula kwezimali ezinhlosowe ngu-12—18% ngokungena kwezindleko
• Ukusebenza okuphawulwa kwezimali ephindwa kabangela ukuba kungaphezulu kuka-50%
• ukushintshwa kwe-pH kungendlwini yesibili esenziwa yinkimbago yezindleko ezingenisiwe

I-Concrete egawulwe ngemipolomela esetshenziswe kumashini amelweyo ekupakelweni kwezimali uyabuyisa 95% yekhono lakhe lokusebenza emva kwezinguquko ezingu-100—lapho kungaba yindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuphatha amanzi emathini aphindwe.

Ukuqaphela ukusebenza ngokothokozisa nokuphepha kwezimali ezinhlosoye

Isivivinyo se-2023 sokulinganisa izindleko nezimpawu zemigca engu-28 yokuqinisa ukuthi:

Ngokwengeza izincazelo ezingavumelekile ne-monitoring yezithathu ngokushesha, abasebenzisi bokwenyakaza basebenzisa amadoda esiNtshontsho ye-IBC 2021 nasekunengeneni izindlela zokubudgeta.

Kusukela Kuchazwe Esikoleni: Indlela Yokudizaynisa Isisindo Esithile

Ukuxhuma Kwemfundo Yejijiyeni Neempindelo Zokujengeka Zokuhlelwa Kwesicathami

Xa kuchithwa izisolution eziwandlelweyo, abaningi kufanele bakhakethele ukuxhuma kwezindawo kanye nezidingo zokubekwa kwezifundazwe. Imibuzo yabekwe kuleli ndinga yimbuzo etholwe ngeminyaka emitsha iyavumela ukuthi abaningi bakhuthaze ukuthi kubekwe amathuba kwezindlela zokubhukudla kwezindawo ngemva kokuqala ukubekwa kwezindawo. Kutholwe ukuthi xa abasebenzela bakhuthaze ukuthi kubekwe amathuba kwezindlela zokubhukudla kwezindawo, kukhona ukuthi kungaba nezinkinga ezingama-30% ngaphansi kwezinkinga zokubeka izindawo. Le ndlela yokuthi kungaba ngemva kokuqala kuyahlukisa konke. Ngokulandelwa kwezinye izinhlobo, ukuthi kungaba ngemva kokuqala kuyahlukisa konke. Iyakuvumela abasebenzela ukuthi bakhuthaze ukuthi kungaba kanjani izindawo zokubhukudla kwezindlela ezahlukene ngokwesifazwe, njengokuthi kungaba kanjani kwezindawo ezibhukudlayo noma kwezindawo ezinekankane kwezindlela zokubhukudla. Ukuthi kungaba ngemva kokuqala kuyakuvumela ukuthi kungaba ngemva kokuqala.

Ukudluliselwa kwezibonelo ngokusebenzisa amadatha ngokushesha kanye nezindlela zokwenza ngokuzenzekelayo

U Umsebenzi wokulingana nge-U kuyindlela yokusebenzisa idatha, usebenzisa izinhloso zokungenisa idatha yokukhula nezokugcinwa komlilo ngokushesha kudeliwe kwezimali ezinkimbini. Abasebenzisi bekusebenzisa le ndlela yokutholelwa ukutshintsha okudlule nezibuko ngokungafaniwe nge-±15cm, ukuzikhala ukukhuphuka ngokwezimali ezinde nekuhlela ukucinjelwa.

Ukusebenzisa Izinhlelo Yokulandela Ukwenza Ukuhlelela Kabusha Ngaphambi Kokuqinisa

Imikhwebo yekhankatha abasebenzisa ukulandelela izindlela zokukhanyisa ngaphambi kokudla incipho, ukuthatha izindleko zokulandelela nge-$18k ngalunye luprojekthi (Inkcampani yeGeotech ye2023).

Indima yabaqaphi besipho ekunene kwehlise

Ukusebenzisa ngokunxulumene nabasebenzisi abakhethwe kuthola ukufinyelela emashini amandla nezinhlelo ezisebenzisa i-AI. Isibonelo, izinhlelo zokudlala izindlela zokudonsa eziguquliwe GPS yelipho elilodwa zangele ukuthatha iziphoso ezihlukene nge-61% emaqeni apholile ukudonsa amandla, ukubonisela indlela abasebenzisana abakhethwe bakunceda ukuthuthukiswa okunokwenzeka kanye nokuthembekile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziphambene nezingenieriywa zasehlise ngemisebenzi yemisebenzi?

Izinhlobo eziphambene kuzo kufaka phakathi izimo ezingenakukhathwa emhlabeni, izimu ezingaphansi noma ezingenakuthembeka, ukuphatha amadoda nezokuhlisa, futhi ukudizayina ngokuthi kuzo izindawo ezithintekile yezemoye nezokugxila.

Indlela yini onakeke izinhlelo zokudonsa izindlela zokudonsa U-Shape Ditch ukunceda ukuphatha amadoda nezokuhlisa?

Imithwanciso ibeka isicathami soxhumo ukuvikela ukuba amanzi awukhangelele kumaqo futhi ibeka imithwanciso ehlukene ukuvikela ukuthi izimbopho zilandelane futhi ukuvikela ukuthibeleka.

Yini indima lezilwanyo nezimodeli ezibonakalayo kweqembu?

Izilwanyo nezimodeli ezibonakalayo kunesibonelo ukuthuthukisa ukudizayni ngokuthola amaphesenti amabi, ukubonisa ukuthibeleka, futhi ukulondoloza ukukhangeleka ngaphambi kokuthi i-construction iqale.